2 1 4 5 3 6 Zheng He Samuel de Champlain James Cook Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan Samuel de Champlain Christopher Columbus James Cook Vasco da Gama 2 5 3

Navigation Compass = magnetize a needle by rubbing it on a piece of lodestone (magnetic rock). When the needle floated on the water it pointed north. Now sailors could lose sight of land and stars w/out losing their direction.

Mariner’s Compass (late 1500s)

Galley

Improved Spanish ships

Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal Set up school for navigation 1418 Responsible for much of Europe’s explorations and enslavement of Africans

Christopher Columbus Believed sailing west provided a shorter route to Asia. Spanish king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his voyage. 1492- -- sailed west across the Atlantic. Landed on a small island (Caribbean) Columbus claimed the land for Spain. However, Columbus thought the Islands were off the East coast of India. Therefore, he named the Islands the Indies and its inhabitants Indians. Treaty of Tordesillas- Divided new lands b/w Spain & Portugal

Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

What was the impact of the discoveries of Columbus?????

Impact on Native Americans Europeans were learning of the profitability of the plantation system – relying on what? Economic benefit of using local forced labor Disease – Europeans, unknowingly brought measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, typhus and others. The local people had no built-up natural immunity to these diseases yet.

Impact on Africans With decline of native work force, labor was needed from elsewhere. Slave trade exploded, especially in Western Africa Over the next 300 years (1500-1800) almost 20 million people were taken

Impact on Europeans Thousands of Europeans crossed Atlantic Overseas expansion caused rivalry & war Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Growth of trade markets completely changed the world FOREVER.

Impact on America & World New diversity of population North America and World benefitted from new foods and technologies Deforestation Cash crops and staple crops

Important Changes Monarchs support exploration

Mercantilism Mercantilism- A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, gold or silver as possible. This is done by having more exports than imports. Slavery

Colonies Source of raw material and precious metals Many colonies forbid by mother country from selling to other countries. Some also forbid colonies from buying foreign goods. Colonies forbid from manufacturing goods. Justification = colonies existed to benefit the mother country.

Vasco Da Gama 1498 Portugal Promoted Spice Trade. Portugal – India Sailed around Cape of Good Hope (Africa) 6,000% profit (Ginger & Cinnamon) Sea routes made trade quicker. Eliminated tolls, road blocks, etc.

Champlain Founded the first successful French colony of North America. Quebec. “Father of New France” 1608 Mapped Atlantic shores all the way to Massachusetts. Traveled to Great Lakes. Quebec was chosen b/c of its high ground and proximity to the St. Lawrence River. FUR TRADE

FUR TRADE The fur trade was very important the major development of New France. (Quebec) Indians traded furs with French. Furs used for clothing and shipped to Europe. Very profitable for the French. What is going to happen to the animal population?

Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese explorer. First to circumnavigate the world Named the Pacific Ocean Officially proves that world is round! 1519-1522

James Cook From Great Britain Claimed Australia for British Used by the British as penal colony

Zheng He Famous Admiral/explorer of the Ming Dynasty 1402 Collect Tribute and show Ming dominance Ming became rich based off of his voyages