Requirements – Essential To Robust Product Design Definition: “Statements of desired product performances and features used to define and quantify a product design” User Level: Special list or labels which state the intended application and/or purpose of the product (Labeling) Product Level: (System Level) Quantitatively state all features, performances, and interfaces in “Eng Terms” Block Level: State all features, performances and interfaces describing the block in “Engineering Terms” User Level >>> Validation Product & Block Level>>>Verification Efficient Engineering teams fully specify before they design !!

Requirements Imply Proof of Satisfaction Requirements Imply Proof of Satisfaction ! Implied Product Design Integrity ! Many Gov’t Agencies mandate that ALL product requirements should be user validated and/or engineering verified (tested or justified). A requirement which cannot be verified or validated should not be stated unless objective evidence can be compiled to prove its satisfaction Requirement Categorization Used in this Course: Standard: Common to ALL Project Teams Performance: Unique to Project and Technology, For Differentiating

Design Blocks Complex products require that the design be broken into logical design elements (termed blocks in this course) Min 1 Design Block per team member is Mandatory Blocks form the basis of standardized design elements in this course. The terms Product and System are used interchangably Product Level Requirements can either be allocated or just associated to all design blocks. The Project System Design entails defining ALL Block Performance Reqs incl Interfaces and Functions

Allocation and Association to Design Blocks ALL Product Level Requirements Must be allocated or associated to each Design Block within the project to complete a System Design Phase Allocated: % of total budgeted to applicable design blocks plus margin. For example: Product Cost, Power Consumption, Mass …. Associated: Used when allocation is not applicable. For example: Country(s) of Market, Annual Volume, Safety Standards ….

Product Level - Standard Requirements Standard Requirements are those requirements which are universal and can be applied to nearly all products and hence final projects Standard Requirements may or may not be differentiating depending upon project goals but MUST be part of the minimum description of the product Standard Reqs Are Common to Nearly ALL Projects

Choose & Understand your Market “before” …………. you design a product System - Std Reqs: Market & Business Case Requirement Units to Specify Competitors Market Size Average List Price Market Geography Market Demography Intended Application Material Cost Manufacturing Cost Annual Volume Company Name(s), Model#(s) Total $/Region, Info Source $/unit as sold to customers List of Countries or Regions Min/Max Age, Sex, Restrictions Ind, Auto, Home, Wearable, etc $/unit in volume production # of units/yr Choose & Understand your Market “before” …………. you design a product

Consider Simultaneous Min or Max Cases Some will NOT be “testable” System - Std Reqs: Env & Safety Requirement Units to Specify Min Oper Temp Range Min Oper Humidity Range Min Oper Alt or Press Range Min Storage Temp Range Min Storage Humidity Range Min Storage Alt or Press Range Max Storage Duration Primary EMC Standards Primary Safety Standards Co Range Rh% Range Meters or ATM, Range Time in Days or Years List of IEC or FCC stds List UL, IEC or other stds Consider Simultaneous Min or Max Cases Some will NOT be “testable”

System - Std Reqs: Power Interfaces Requirement Units to Specify AC, Auto Batt, Photovoltaic, Dedicated Batt, Generator, Fuel Cell, etc Permanent or Temporary Voltage Range, For each Source Watts Total, For each Source Watt-Hours/Yr for AC Power, Calander Life Time for Batteries Energy Source List Source Connection List Min Oper Voltage Range Max Power Consumption Max Energy Consumption Must consider power source(s) early Undefined DC power sources NOT allowed

Package and Mechanical Design Impact Many Product Aspects System - Std Reqs: Mechanical Requirement Units to Specify Max Volume Shipping Container Size Max Mass Elec I/F Connector(s) Max # of PC Bds Max PCB Circuit Area Max Shock Cm3 Total for Entire Product Cm Max LxWxH for 1 unit Kilograms Type or Style # Cm2 Total G force (Grms), # Reps Package and Mechanical Design Impact Many Product Aspects

System - Std Reqs: Mfg & Life Cycle Requirement Units to Specify Max Parts Count Max Unique Parts Count Parts/Mat $ Allocation Asm/Test $ Allocation Product Life, Reliability Full Warranty Period Product Disposition Production Life Support Service Strategy # Total Parts incl elec & mech # of Unique Parts $ (Parts+Mfg=Product Cost) Time = MTBF(yrs) Time (yrs) Return, Recycle, Dispose, etc Dispose or Repair, Factory or Field Product designs should consider full “life cycle” from Mfg process to Disposal

System - Performance Requirements Performance Requirements are those requirements which are specific to a product and project Performance Requirements differentiate the product from all other similar products Performance Requirements should describe …. Signal Interfaces Mechanical Interfaces Features, Options Modes of Operation Performance Parameters User Controls User Displays and Outputs

All Applicable Must Be Defined System – Perf Reqs: Power Input(s) (Must be Considered if Applicable) Requirement Definition AC Power Freq Range(s) AC Power EMC Stds Battery Chemistry Battery Std Size Battery Capacity Hz, Range EFT, Surge, Dropout, etc Pb-Acid, Li, NMh, Alk, etc CR2032, C, D, AA, etc Min mA-Hrs All Applicable Must Be Defined

There may be others to Add System – Perf Reqs: Electrical Functions (Must be Defined if Applicable) Requirement Definition Voltage or Current Gain Ranges Input – Output SNR Frequency Response Linearity and THD Delay in uSec or mSec Computation or Algorithm Compute Speeds in Ops/Sec Input – Output Delay Analog Functions Digital Functions There may be others to Add

Every Signal Needs to be Defined in Detail System – Perf Reqs: Electrical Interfaces (For each signal “grouping”) Electrical Signal Req Definition Signal Type Signal Direction Standard Definition Basic Analog Characteristics Detailed Analog Characteristics Analog, Digital, or Power Input, Output, Bidirectional RS170 Video, RS232, USB, Custom, etc Voltage Range, Frequency or Bandwidth Range Impedance or Current Range Offset Voltages, Currents Error Voltages, Currents Max Noise Other Analog Characteristics Every Signal Needs to be Defined in Detail

CANNOT use “TTL” or “CMOS” as Definition System – Perf Reqs: Electrical Interfaces (For each signal “grouping”) Electrical Signal Req Definition Digital Input Type Digital Output Type Basic Digital Characteristics Detailed Digital Characteristics Std, Schmitt Trigger Std, TriState, Open Collector Outputs: Voh, Vol, Ioh, Iol Inputs: Vih, Vil, Iih, Iil, Vth Bidirect: Both Hi Z Leakage Currents Min Transition Times Min Setup & Hold Times Max Frequency Offset Voltages, Currents Error Voltages, Currents Max Noise Other Analog Characteristics CANNOT use “TTL” or “CMOS” as Definition

All Applicable Must Be Defined System – Perf Reqs: Operator I/F Outputs (Must be Considered if Applicable) Requirement Definition Optical Indicators, Lights Display Type Display Char Matrix Display Size Display Illumination Screen Type Screen Min X Resolution Screen Min Y Resolution Mechanical Indicators Type, Size, Visibility, Speed, Color, Lumens 7 Segment, Matrix, LCD Total Char/Row, Total Rows Total Size HxW Daylight LCD, BLLCD, LED, EL, etc CRT, TFT Panel, 768, 1024, 1280, etc 512, 768, 1024, etc Volume, Pitch, Duration, Vibration, Flags, Other All Applicable Must Be Defined

All Applicable Must Be Defined System – Perf Reqs: Operator I/F Inputs (Must be Considered if Applicable) Requirement Definition Switch Type Keypad Type Keypad Matrix Keypad Size Key Definitions Keyboard Type Keyboard I/F Keyboard Total keys Analog Dials Toggle, Slide, Mom Push, DIP, etc Matrix or Ind Key Switches Total Columns, Total Rows Total Size HxW Layout, Functions, Labels QWERTY, QWERTY w/Keypad USB, IBM 5 Pin, RS232, etc Number of Keys Range of Input Number of Turns All Applicable Must Be Defined

Requirement Definition System – Perf Reqs: Mech Interfaces (Must be Considered if Applicable) Requirement Definition Mounting Carry Handles Sensory Connectors Feet, Brackets, Clamps, etc None, Grips, Bars, etc Temp, Pressure, Humidity, RPM, Acceleration, Dist, etc Sub D, IEC-320, USB, etc Others May Apply

Requirement Definition System – Perf Reqs: Modes of Operation (Must be Considered if Applicable) Requirement Definition Power Modes Power Saving Modes Calibration Modes Service Modes ON/OFF, ON/AC, ON/Battery, etc Standby, Idle, etc Program, Configure, etc Diagnostic, Test, etc Others May Apply

Compare Your Possible Projects Project Recommendation Reqs 3 Possible Proj Brain Storm Ideas Down Select Your Project Ideas: Interest: Does the project hold interest for ALL team members? Can you identify similar products in the market? How unique is the project compared to previous capstone projects? Block Diagram: Do the project blocks best match the skills and resources available on the team? Does the block diagram contain at least 1 robust design block for each team member? Is the block diagram overly complex

Compare Your Possible Projects Project Recommendation Reqs 3 Possible Proj Brain Storm Ideas Down Select Your Project Ideas: System Perf Requirements: Can you list the key differentiating performance requirements which would create market demand? Are you able to quantify the key system performance requirements? System Std Requirements: Can you quantify ALL the system standard requirements? Can you allocate applicable system standard requirements to ALL blocks?

Compare Your Possible Projects Project Recommendation Reqs 3 Possible Proj Brain Storm Ideas Down Select Your Project Ideas: Prototype and Resources: How difficult will it be to construct a prototype to demonstrate the primary functionality and performances? Is the project dependent upon any development tools which may be difficult to procure or gain access to utilize? Does the prototype depend on key components with lead times that could exceed the project timing requirements such as sensors, displays and transducers? Does the available financial resource match the estimated cost of the prototype?

Decision Process (Lab 1A) Statement of how your team will make decisions within all project guidelines. (ie; concensus, majority vote, etc) If teams cannot make effective decisions according to their agreed upon guideline, they may appeal to their Lab Assistant and upwards to the Prof/Lect The Prof/Lect has the final call on any team decision