Physical features Landforms Water Bodies

What are landforms? Landforms are the natural shapes or features What are Water Bodies? Water Bodies are any significant accumulation of water.

Lesson Objectives Identify the major landforms and water bodies Differentiate between the two types of plains Analyse the 3 types of mountains based on formation Locate physical features on the Earth with the help of an Atlas

Major Landforms Plains Plateau Mountain Fold Mountains Volcanic Mountains Block Mountains Basin Valley

Minor Landforms Islands Isthmus Peninsula

Plain River Plain Coastal Plain

Plains Lowland Vast expanse of land Height- usually less than 200m from sea level Why are river plains fertile? What are the importance/uses of river plains? Eg. U.A.E.- Thaid plain, India- Eastern Coastal Plain

Plateau

Plateau Uplifted section of the Earth’s crust Flat tops with steeply sloping sides aka- Tableland, plain in the air Eg. Africa- East African Plateau India- Deccan Plateau

Mountains Massive areas of land Rising to great heights Steep or gentle sides What is a chain of mountains called?

Types of mountains According to formation: Fold Mountains Volcanic Mountains Block Mountains

Fold Mountain

Fold Mountains Layers of the Earth’s surface fold due to compression It is a result of movement inside the Earth New Fold Mountains About 25 million years old Very high (not much erosion) Eg. India- Himalayas North America- Rockies South America- Andes Old Fold Mountains About 250 millions years old Not that high (eroded over time) Eg. Eurasia- Ural Mts India- Aravalli North America- Appalachian

Volcanic Mountain

Volcanic Mountains Built by molten lava, ash and dust from deep inside the Earth that comes out to the surface through cracks in the crust. The high cone like structure on the Earth’s surface is the accumulation of the molten lava from within the Earth.

Mount Fuji (Japan) Mt. Erebus (Antarctica) Mt. Etna (Italy) Mt. Vesuvius (Italy)

Block Mountain

Block Mountains Cracks or faults on the Earth’s crust Land between the two cracks and sinks Blocks are left standing on the two sides The edges of these mountains are steep with a flat top

What are the importance of mountains? Plants Animals Climate Getaways

Basins Depression on the Earth’s crust Lower than surrounding land Usually along plateau Forms inland drainage Eg. Lake Chad in Africa

Valleys Low lying area between hills or mountains May be a river valley Usually V-shaped Eg. Rhine Valley, Damodar Valley

MINOR LANDFORMS Islands Peninsula Isthmus

Islands A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides India- Lakshadweep U.A.E.- Yas Island

Peninsula A piece of land surrounded by water on 3 sides Joined to a larger landmass Eg. India, Malay peninsula

Isthmus Narrow, elongated piece of land Joining two large water bodies Separating two water bodies Eg. Isthmus of Suez (joining Africa and Asia)

MAJOR WATER BODIES Oceans Seas Gulfs Bays Straits Lakes Rivers

Oceans Name the 5 oceans. 71 % of Earth’s surface is covered with water Oceans are 97% of that water (saline) Water percentage is fresh water… do the math

Seas It is a part of the ocean It is much shallow and much smaller They are located close to the edges of continents of large landmasses Name some seas.

Gulfs and Bays It is a part of the sea or ocean It is an inlet of water into the land Large water body

Strait It is a narrow stretch of water Joins two large water bodies Separates two landmasses Eg. Hormuz Strait in U.A.E.

Lake A small water body Surrounded by land on all sides Eg. Lake Baykal, Chilka Lake, Lake Victoria Large lakes are called inland seas like Black Sea and Caspian Sea

River A stream of water flowing from a higher ground level to a lower ground level Drains out into the sea or lake Origin- Source-where? End-Mouth-where? Route- Course-where?

What are the uses or rivers What are the uses or rivers? Describe the flow of the river in each course.

Observe the depth and width of a river through its course.

The End 