Chapter 3- The 1920’s NM Grows Artists, Authors, Lungers and Dudes

Arts in Taos, NM Bert Geer Philips and Ernest Blumenshein- painters that settled permanently in Taos because of the great scenery. They ended up there by chance when their wagon broke down They spread the word and by 1915 the Taos Society of Artists was born. This was created by 6 people, including Blumenshein and Phillips. They became a traveling art show Only one Female joined the society (Catherine Carter Critcher)

Mabletown Mable Dodge Stern and Tony Lujan- Married in 1923. Tony was a native of Taos Pueblo Mable was a tourist that fell in love with Northern NM Los Gallos- The art house created by the Lujans to help preserve native culture through the arts. Ansel Adams and Georgia O’Keeffe- two of the most famous artists to stay at Los Gallos SEE pg 70. “First Memories of Taos”

Mabletown Cont….. Georgia O’Keeffe- Was influenced by the Lujans and eventually became a permanent resident of Abiquiu. Known for her landscape paintings, adobe gates, and animal skull art DH Lawrence- The most famous author to settle in Los Gallos He was an Englishman best known for his novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover Mable Dodge Lujan- Became known as the leader of Taos, which is why it was called Mable Town Some artists felt smothered by Lujan

The Santa Fe Art Colony Shares a similar History with Taos Carlos Vierra, William Penhallow and Gerald Cassidy- Famous pre-WWI artists in Santa Fe Santa Fe- Served as a major Tourist destination in the United States Unique culture and architecture, art culture is rich The Second Art Colony of NM

Santa Fe Art Colony Cont… Los Cinco Pintores (The 5 Painters) Will Shuster Fremont Ellis Willard Nash JG Bakos W.E. Murch “5 little nuts in 5 adobe huts” Indian Market- opened in 1922 Spanish Market- opened in 1926 Both still open today….

Pueblo Revival A Major Architecture Revival Movement John Gaw Meem- Was the major leader of this movement *Still cannot make a building in Santa Fe that is not Pueblo Style w/o paying a fine.

Health Seekers- Why “Chase the Cure” in NM? Tuberculosis- A common early 1900s lung disease. Also known as TB, the white plague or consumption. “Lungers”- Nickname. People that came to NM to improve their health and overall quality of life Sanatoriums- Treatment centers for people that suffered from TB. Why Seek the Cure in NM?- Climate, Cost of living, and sanatoriums

Sanatoriums St. Vincent's in Santa Fe and Presbyterian in ABQ-originally founded as Sanatoriums. Sanatoriums exist in other states, but NM’s low cost of living made it possible for less wealthy families Patients lived in Sanatoriums Those that could not afford it set up tents or lived in wagons. 10% of NM’s population suffered from TB in the early 1900’s

“Sans” Continued Many “lungers” were treated poorly People feared the spread of disease (airborne highly contagious disease) By 1929, number 1 cause of death in NM (13% of all deaths) Famous NM Lungers Katherine Stinson-Otero Will Shuster (Artist) Carlos Vierra (Artist) Carrie Tingley William Lovelace Katherine Stinson Otero

Tourism Transportation 1880 Santa Fe Railroad extends into NM By 1920, highways began to come into NM (La Bajada-Dangerous Highway btw. ABQ and SF) Automobile use increased in NM RL Dodson- Purchased first New Mexican car in CO, and eventually trained himself to be NM’s most trusted mechanic Henry Ford’s Assembly line, made the price of the car go down (by 1928 over 67,000 automobiles in NM)

Ford Model T La Bajada Hill

Tourism Cont…. Route 66- 1927 (Chicago to LA) The original I-40 (East border to West border) Originally skipped Moriarty up to Santa Fe, Changed to go through the Tijeras Canyon into ABQ and eventually to Gallup. Central Ave. in ABQ (pg 89) Burma Shaving Cream- Original Billboards in NM. Advertised by using jingles

Tourism Cont…. Dude Ranches- Created to encourage Easterners to have the Western experience. Tom Mix- Helped to promote these (26 total tourist attractions in NM) Very Expensive ($125 a week, $1,500 a week in today’s money) Santa Fe Fiesta (Zozbra)- Created in 1919 to celebrate the Spanish reconquest of Santa Fe following Pope’s Pueblo Revolt Will Shuster created the first burning of Zozobra (see pg 96). Symbolizes the burning away all your worries/Troubles

Tourism Carlsbad Caverns (SE NM) Founded by Jim White (one of the first explorers of the caverns that eventually led tours when it became a worldwide attraction) More than .5 million people visited the caverns in 1996 alone Health Seeker Questions with a Partner Dude Ranch Posters

Carlsbad Caverns