The Cell Cycle Roles of Cell Division The Mitotic Cell Cycle

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Cycle Roles of Cell Division The Mitotic Cell Cycle Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Role of Cell Division Reproduction, growth, and repair Daughter cells are clones

The Mitotic Cycle Alternates interphase and mitotic phase (mitosis) Well-ordered Some cells rarely divide Interphase: G1, S, G2 M phase: Mitosis and cytokinesis

Interphase 90% of the cell cycle G1 phase-cell functioning as a normal cell S phase-synthesis phase, occurs when DNA is replicated G2 phase-cell disassembles cytoskeleton, begins formation of spindle proteins Go some cells never progress past this phase

Mitotic Cell Division Karyokinesis (mitosis) consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) differs in animal and plant cells

The Mitotic Spindle Microtubules Assembly begins in centrosome 2 types: kinetochore and nonkinetochore microtubules Kinetochore microtubules separate and organize chromosomes Nonkinetochore microtubules elongate cell

Cytokinesis Animals-forms a cleavage furrow Contractile ring of actin microfilaments Plants-forms a cell plate Golgi apparatus produces vesicles

Regulation of the Cell Cycle Molecular control system drives the cycle Consists of a set of checkpoints Checkpoints integrate internal and external information Synchronized by rhythmic changes in protein kinases Cyclins activate kinases

Cues for the Cell Cycle Internal: kinetochores cue M-phase checkpoint (identify the state of spindle attachment External 1) chemical-absence of essential nutrients, presence of growth factors 2) physical-density-dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence

Cancer Cells do not respond normal to control mechanisms No density dependent inhibition Make their own growth factors Abnormal cell cycle Unusual number of chromosomes possible Aberrant metabolism Lost attachment to neighboring cells and to ECM

Videos and Websites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGV3fv-uZYI&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0&feature=player_embedded http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/2001/cellcycle.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgLJrvoX_qo&feature=related

Videos and Websites (2) http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/2001/index.html http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells2.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg

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