The Working Cell: Energy from Sunlight Chapter 8 The Working Cell: Energy from Sunlight

Autotrophs Organisms that can make their own food by photosynthesis

Autotrophs can turn inorganic raw materials into ORGANIC compounds

Why are heterotrophs dependent on autotrophs? For FOOD (glucose) and OXYGEN

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells

Animal Tissue Examples

Animal Organs Name 6 organs…

Name 3 animal organ systems…..

Dermal – Protection (outer covering) Plant Tissues Dermal – Protection (outer covering) Vascular – Transports Water and Nutrients Ground – Photosynthesis, storage and support

Plant Organs Roots Stems Leaves Flowers

Roots absorb water & soil nutrients

Stems display leaves & transport food and water

Leaves are the site of photosynthesis

Flowers are reproductive organs

A. Ground tissue B. Cuticle C. Chloroplasts D. Dermal Tissue E. Vascular Tissue F. Stomate G. Guard Cell Leaf Cross Section

8.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to make food.

Photo = Synthesis = Light Building Process

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast Organelle where photosynthesis takes place Found in the mesophyll layer of leaf (ground tissue)

Leaves Which part of a plant would contain the most number of chloroplasts? Leaves

Chlorophyll Pigment that gives the chloroplast its green color; it absorbs sunlight!

How plants breathe… GUARD CELLS (2) form an opening in the surface of the leaf (most often the lower layer). Each leaf on a plant may have 100’s of these!

Opening Formed by 2 guard cells, thru which gasses are exchanged. Stomate (pl, stomata) Opening Formed by 2 guard cells, thru which gasses are exchanged. animation

Stomata When stomates open, the plant loses water by transpiration

chloroplasts guard cells stomata nucleus

Stomata Stomata Guard Cell Guard Cell

Stomata Guard cells transpiration://croptechnology.unl.edu/animationOut.cgi?anim_name=transpiration.swf:

Overview of Photosynthesis: Chloroplasts take in carbon dioxide and water to make glucose & oxygen.

Fill in: reactants on the left products on the right

C6H12O6 CO2 H2O O2 Light Energy photosynthesis Light Energy Reactants Products Light Energy CO2 C6H12O6 H2O O2

Overall chemical equation for photosyntheis:

+ + 6CO2+ 6H2OC6H12O6 +6O2

8.2 Light Energy

Electromagnetic Spectrum The range of types of electromagnetic energy. Radio waves Gamma rays

Gamma

What is light? electromagnetic ENERGY!

What is the main source of light energy?

Visible Light The electromagnetic waves that we can see

The Light Spectrum (R O Y G B I V ) Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet (R O Y G B I V )

The light spectrum… R O Y G B I V It’s the rainbow!

White light is all the colors Combined!

To see an object, light energy must enter our eyes, therefore, the light must be…???

Objects appear as different colors because… They reflect different wavelengths (examples?)

Objects ABSORB the colors that they do NOT reflect…. So what colors of light do green plants absorb the most?

3 things can happen when light strikes an object: 5. Pigments & Color 3 things can happen when light strikes an object:

1. It can be REFLECTED

2. or TRANSMITTED

3. or ABSORBED

Data Table of Light Absorbance Use the data table to make a bar graph of the absorption of light by plants. Data Table of Light Absorbance Color Absorbed (%) Red 80 Orange 15 Yellow 10 Green 5 blue 90 R O Y G B

6. Identifying Chloroplast Pigments Paper chromatography separation of pigments Class activity….

Separate chemicals in a black marker Separate pigments in a leaf