FIGURE 2. The regional cerebral blood flow decreased approximately 85% below the baseline within 30 seconds of the insertion of the occlusion suture. The flow stayed at that level during the 60 minutes of occlusion and returned to the baseline within 20 minutes of the withdrawal of the occlusion suture. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 3. Effect of growth factor infusion on progenitor cell proliferation and survival is seen. The bar graphs show the number of BrdUrd-positive proliferating cells per square millimeter. Ten rats were used for each group (aCSF/sham, growth factors/sham, aCSF/ischemia, and growth factors/ischemia). All the rats were injected with BrdUrd twice daily for 3 days starting on Day 2 after MCAO. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of Day 5 of reperfusion (to study proliferation) and the remaining five at the end of Week 3 of reperfusion (to study the survival). Bars in the histogram represent mean ± SD.<sup>a</sup> P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding aCSF-infused control.<sup>b</sup> P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding sham group. aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 1. To study proliferation after ischemia, BrdUrd was injected for 3 days twice daily starting at 24 hours of reperfusion after transient MCAO. EGF and FGF-2 were infused continuously for 3 days using intraventricularly osmotic minipumps implanted 1 day after the occlusion or sham operation. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 5<sup>th</sup> day or 3<sup>rd</sup> week after the MCAO or sham operation. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 4. Representative photomicrographs showing the BrdUrd-positive cells in the ipsilateral DG of the four groups of rats at the end of 5 days (left panels) and 3 weeks of reperfusion (right panels). A, (5 d) and B, (3 wk) are the MCAO/growth factor group; C, (5 d) and D, (3 wk) are the MCAO/aCSF group; E, (5 d) and F, (3 wk) are the sham/growth factor group; and G, (5 d) and H, (3 wk) are the sham/aCSF group. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 5. Progenitor cell proliferation in the rostral blade of the SVZ is seen. Representative photomicrographs showing the BrdUrd-positive cells in the ipsilateral SVZ of the four groups of rats at the end of 5 days (left panels) and 3 weeks of reperfusion (right panels). A, (5 d) and B, (3 wk) are the MCAO/growth factor group; C, (5 d) and D, (3 wk) are the MCAO/aCSF group; E, (5 d) and F, (3 wk) are the sham/growth factor group; and G, (5 d) and H, (3 wk) are the sham/aCSF group. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 6. Representative fluorescent immunostained brain sections showing the DCX/BrdUrd double-positive newly proliferated progenitor cells in the ipsilateral DG (A, C, and E) and ipsilateral SVZ (B, D, and F) in the MCAO/growth factor group. A, (DG) and B, (SVZ) are the reperfusion group at 5 days; C, (DG) and D, (SVZ) are the reperfusion group at 3 weeks. E, (DG) and F, (SVZ) show the high-magnification images demonstrating that the DCX/BrdUrd double-positive cells extend their fibers from the subgranular zone to granule cell layer of DG (E) and from the ventricular wall to corpus callosum and striatum. Scale bars are 30 μm for A–D and 10 μm for E and F. DCX, doublecortin; DG, dentate gyrus; SVZ, subventricular zone. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
FIGURE 7. Representative fluorescent immunostained brain sections subjected to NeuN/GFAP/BrdUrd triple staining showing the NeuN/BrdUrd double-positive mature neurons in the DG at 5 days of reperfusion (A) and 3 weeks of reperfusion (B) in the growth factor-infused ischemic group. C, High-magnification image of A showing the absence of GFAP/NeuN double-positive cells in the growth factor-treated ischemic rats. D, Confocal stacked image; XY and YZ reconstructions confirming the NeuN/BrdUrd double-positive nature of the cell showed in C. Scale bars are 90 μm for A and B; 30 μm for C; and 10 μm for D. NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; DG, dentate gyrus. From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |
From: EGF and FGF-2 Infusion Increases Post-Ischemic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Adult Rat Brain Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1254-1263. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186040.96929.8A Neurosurgery |