Topic Test #5 Review

What are the differences between meiosis and mitosis? Be specific! Common Characteristics Meiosis 1. Creates body (somatic) cells 2. Purpose: growth and maintenance 3. Undergoes division once 4. Results in 2 diploid daughter cells 5. Both daughter cells contain IDENTICAL genetic information to the parent cell. 1. Start with a diploid parent cell 2. Interphase happens first 3. Parent cell has undergone DNA replication 4. Creates new cells 1. Creates gametes: eggs in females, sperm in males 2. Purpose: produce cells for sexual reproduction 3. Undergoes division twice: meiosis I and meiosis II 4. Results in 4 haploid daughter cells 5. Each daughter cell has DIFFERENT genetic information

How does independent assortment in meiosis result in greater genetic diversity? Homologous chromosomes separate randomly, increasing genetic diversity.

What important process takes place in Prophase I of meiosis I? The homologous chromosomes swap genetic information and form a tetrad. This process is called crossing over!!!!

Mitosis is specifically the division of the nucleus!

Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell growth.

How many gametes are produced at the end of meiosis II? 4 haploid daughter cells!

What is the cell membrane (AKA plasma membrane) made out of and how many layers does it consist of? A bi-lipid membrane made of lipids and proteins!

How does the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane allow for the transport of lipid-soluble substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide? Lipid-soluble substances diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.

How do the lipids in the cell membrane separate cytoplasm from fluid outside of the cell? The hydrophobic tails in the plasma membrane keep water from entering or exiting the cell when it shouldn’t.

What would happen to a cell that is placed in a solution where the solute concentration is higher than what is inside the cell? The cell would shrivel.

Explain cell theory.

What is he function of the following organelles: Nucleus: control center of the cell; contains DNA Ribosome: synthesizes proteins Chloroplast: responsible for photosynthesis Golgi apparatus: packs and transports substances throughout the cell

In meiosis I, what structures are separated In meiosis I, what structures are separated? What structures separate in meiosis II? In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate. In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.

For a unicellular organism, mitosis may also be a method of asexual reproduction.

Through photosynthesis, what does the chloroplast produce Through photosynthesis, what does the chloroplast produce? Through cellular respiration, what does the mitochondria produce? The chloroplast produces sugars through photosynthesis. The mitochondria produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Plant and Animal Cells