EARLY NATIVE AMERICANS Chapter 1 Section 3

HOHOKAM Lived in the desert of present-day Arizona From 300 A.D. to 1300 A.D. Built irrigation channels to bring water from Gila and Salt Rivers Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells

ANASAZI Lived in area known as the Four Corners Where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet From 1 A.D. to 1300 A.D. Built stone and cliff dwellings Looked like apartment buildings Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde Anasazi moved to smaller communities in 1300 A.D. (possibly because of droughts)

Interior of Mesa Verde

Cliff dwellings

MOUND BUILDERS Lived in central North America – present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley Built mounds of earth that looked like Aztec stone pyramids

ADENA Hunters and gatherers Among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C.

HOPEWELL Farmers and traders Built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes Left behind pearls, shells, cloth, and copper in their mounds Showed their variety of trade

CAHOKIA Built the largest settlement in present-day Illinois City may have had 16,000 people Monks Mound – highest mound – nearly 100 feet high Probably the highest structure north of Mexico

Other Native Americans by Region North West Southwest Plains East Southeast

NORTH Inuit Lived in cold Arctic region May have been last to migrate to North America Built igloos Wore furs and sealskins Hunters and fishers

WEST Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone Used resources of the forest and sea as they hunted and gathered Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food

HAIDA

TLINGIT

SOUTHWEST The Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni Homes were made of adobe bricks Raised maize, beans, and squash The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s Hunters and gatherers, unlike the others Built square homes called hogans

PLAINS Nomads Hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees Moved from place to place Learned to tame wild horses and used them to hunt and fight

EAST The Iroquois and the Cherokee Formed complex political systems of governing The Iroquois formed five groups: Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga Fought against each other until the late 1500s when they formed THE IROQUOIS LEAGUE or IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

SOUTHEAST The Creek, the Chickasaw, and the Cherokee Farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south

THINK Why do you think the different Native American groups developed a wide variety fo cultures?