SS8H3 Analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolutionary Era

SS8H3a Explain the causes of the American Revolution as they impacted Georgia; include the French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act

French and English Collide The “French and Indian War”, also known as the “Seven Years War” to the rest of the world (1756 to 1763) the bloodiest American war in the 1700’s. It took more lives than the American Revolution.

It was a clash between the French and English over territory. Both claimed the area of the Ohio River Valley British had begun to trade with Native Americans in the area Colonists in Virginia wanted to turn the land into farmland

The end and a new war 1762 France (and their ally Spain) asked for peace; Britain won 1763 Treaty of Paris Britain demanded that the two countries give up great portions of their claims to land in North America France gave up its claims to Canada and all territory east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans Spain lost Florida But the Spanish still held their territory west of the Mississippi River and in Central and South America.

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 CAUSE ENGLAND AND FRANCE WANTED TO CONTROL THE SAME LAND THAT WAS WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MTNs AND EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER FRANCE HAD INDIAN ALLIES THAT THEY TRADED WITH ENGLAND HAS COLONISTS WHO WANTED TO SETTLE THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY EFFECT (CHANGE) ENGLISH WON THE WAR COLONIES EXPANDED THEIR BOUNDARIES WESTWARD (GEORGIA BOUNDARY BECAME THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER) ENGLAND ACQUIRED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN BRITISH GOV’T BEGAN TAXING THE COLONISTS TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR – THIS BECAME THE 1ST CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION CONFLICT and CHANGE

The Proclamation of 1763 Was a British decree made in favor of Britain’s Native American allies It reserved (gave) land west of the Appalachian Mountains for the Native Americans Colonists who were living in this area were commanded to leave This made the colonists angry

PROCLAMATION OF 1763

Taxation without Representation The French and Indian War cost money Because of this debt, King George III raised money by taxing the colonists But the colonists didn’t have representatives in Parliament

Taxation without Representation In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which taxed non-British imports of sugar, textiles, coffee, wine, and indigo dye. The Stamp Act of 1765 set a tax on all legal documents, permits, commercial contacts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards.

Stamp Act Colonists ignored the Stamp Act Colonists boycotted British goods; they put pressure on Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act; created the Stamp Act Congress The Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act. The Stamp Act Congress also gave the colonists a model for the Continental Congress. Parliament voted to end the Stamp Act in March 1766

This cartoon depicts the repeal of the Stamp Act as a funeral, with Grenville carrying a child's coffin marked "born 1765, died 1766". - wikipedia.com

SS8H3b Interpret the three parts of the Declaration of Independence (preamble, grievances, and declaration) and identify the three Georgia signers of the document.

Georgia and The Revolution Georgia did NOT send a representative to the First Continental Congress because they had done well as a royal colony and they worried they needed the help of the British troops against Native Americans The FCC formed the Association – they banned trade with Britain Georgia sent Lyman Hall to represent them in the Association

Georgia and The Revolution The Second Continental Congress formed in 1755; Georgia joined the other colonists to fight for independence from Great Britain On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence; this document announced the separation of the 13 colonies from Britain and was signed by reps from all 13 colonies

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The Declaration of Independence was a formal document that was written to officially announce the colonies' break from Great Britain.

Preamble The first part Explains the natural rights of all people States the reasons for the document Included the quote “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Grievances Second part Grievances = complaints “imposing taxes without our consent” “quartering large bodies of troops among us”

Declaration Final part The colonists officially severed (broke) ties from Great Britain

Button Gwinnett, George Walton, and Lyman Hall were the three Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Button Gwinnett Was a planter who was elected to Georgia’s Commons House of Assembly When the war began, he led opponents of the Whig Party from all parts of GA He helped ensure the passage of Georgia’s first constitution in 1777. In 1777, he was appointed Georgia’s president and commander-in-chief Gwinnett County was named for him.

Lyman Hall Represented St. John’s Parish in the Second Continental Congress He could not vote though because he did not represent the entire colony. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He became governor of Georgia in 1783. He helped establish UGA. Hall County is named after him.

George Walton He was a patriot and active in the revolutionary government. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was elected governor of Georgia in 1779. He also served as a U.S. Senator and justice of the state superior court. Walton County is named after him.

SS8H3c Analyze the significance of the Loyalists and Patriots as a part of Georgia’s role in the Revolutionary War; include the Battle of Kettle Creek and Siege of Savannah

Loyalist v. Patriot Loyalist – colonists who stayed loyal to Britain. They were also called Tories. They wanted Britain to continue ruling the colonies. Patriot – colonists who rebelled against British rule. They were also called Whigs. They wanted to break free from British rule.

American Revolution Groups LOYALISTS Georgians had become rich under royal leadership. Thus, many did not want to rise up against the British. Plus they wanted British troops to help defend against Indians. There were more loyalists than patriots in the Georgia colony. PATRIOTS Many joined the Liberty Boys. Published a paper inviting others to Tondee’s Tavern in 1774 to rebel against the British. Had success in the Battle of Kettle Creek and were able to take control of Augusta (but not Savannah).

BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK Took place on Sunday, February 14, 1779. On that morning 600 loyalists/tories encamped atop a hill in a bend of the creek. Elijah Clarke and other patriot/whig soldiers were able to defeat the loyalists and prevented the British from invading northern Georgia. BIG WIN FOR PATRIOTS

Siege of Savannah (September 16, 1779 – October 18, 1779) In 1779, GA’s royal governor Wright returned to GA to restore the colony to the British Crown A French fleet surprised GA’s loyalists to recapture Savannah for the patriots Soldiers from France fought with the patriots to secure Savannah The patriots suffered 1,000 casualties and the British only lost 18; the patriots were defeated The siege had failed; Savannah stayed under British control until the end of the Revolution in 1782

Siege of Savannah This drawing by a British officer details the failed attempt by American and French forces to recapture Savannah from British troops on October 9, 1779.