ES112 Spring Semester Final Test Study Guide Review

Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases are gases that exist in the atmosphere, have gotten there either naturally or by other means, and cause heat to be trapped What are some examples? Identify the top 3 greenhouse gases

Water vapor (H2O) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4)

Oceans What determines density? What is Upwelling?

Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram You have to be able to explain the two factors that affect ocean water density Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram

Upwelling is a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Colder water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away.

Some parts of the water cycle Condensation process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water Evaporation process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor Transpiration water vapor released from plants Precipitation water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail Sublimation the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage.

The carbon cycle is closely related to the movement of oxygen

Cellular respiration is necessary for the organism's survival, and it helps move the carbon cycle along. What gas do organisms use in cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and help move the carbon cycle (3.06)

The Carbon cycle is tied to the Oxygen Cycle

Where does the Sun’s Energy Come From? Nuclear Fusion Takes place in the core Two hydrogen atoms join together to form helium Heat and light energy are a by-product of the nuclear fusion process

Planets Terrestrial – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Gas – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

What two factors affect a planet’s gravity?

Size and mass

Rotating Planets!!!

What similarities do Earth and Venus have? Average Distance from the Sun :..........0.72 Astronomical Units Radius:................................................ 3,760 Miles Mass: ....................................................0.8 x Earth Day:.......................................................243 Earth days Year:..................................................... 224.7 Earth days Avg. Temperature: ................................864 F Moons :.................................................none Gravity: If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 91 pounds on Venus. Earth Avg Dist from the Sun :............ 1.0 Astronomical Unit Radius :............ 3,959 mi Day :................. 24 hours Year :.................365 days Avg. Temp:........ 59 F

All planets rotate counterclockwise except Venus.

Eclipses Solar – new moon, moon casts a shadow on earth Lunar – full moon, earth casts a shadow on the moon

You have to know how to interpret a diagram, and explain the sequence and causes of lunar phases Where is the sun? When the moon is between the earth and the sun we “see” the new moon.

Do we see all sides of the moon or always the same side Do we see all sides of the moon or always the same side? Explain your answer in 1 to 2 sentences

We see one side because the Moon is orbiting the Earth. The Moon rotates about its axis as it orbits the Earth. NOTE: The wobble of the moon on its axis as it rotates enables us to see a little more than half (about 59%) of the moon.

When looking at two stars that are the same distance away, how can you tell one star is hotter than the other? The brighter the star the hotter the star

Explain the difference between comets, asteroids and meteors. Asteroids are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids, meaning that an asteroid can range from a few meters wide to hundreds of km wide. Most are found between Mars and Jupiter.

comets Comets are icy and travel from the outer to the inner solar system and back. Gas tail (blue) – away from the Sun Dust tail (yellow) – curves toward the orbital path

Asteroid vs. Meteor vs. Meteorite It all depends where it is. When a piece hits the earth's atmosphere, it is called a meteor. If it lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite.

Recap Asteroid – solid rock that orbits the sun Meteor – rock, iron or icy body entering the Earth’s atmosphere Meteorite – any meteor striking the ground http://kids.discovery.com/quizzes/space/asteroid-comet-or-meteor

What is light? A transverse wave A wave of both electricity and magnetism Electromagnetic energy – energy that moves as a wave at the speed of light Does not require a medium and can travel in a vacuum

So you have to be able to explain what type of wave light travels as and identify the parts A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (or right angled) to the direction of energy transfer.

Be familiar with the sequential process of light moving through a telescope What focuses the incoming light? The Objective lens

Define and give examples of renewable resources on earth

There are 19 Multiple Choice questions worth 5 points each Have a fantastic summer!!!