What is bird strike?? A collision between an aerial animal and a man-made vehicle such as aircraft or spacecraft is known as Bird Strike.

Some facts about the bird strikes Bird strikes are a CAP safety mishap. More than 89000 bird strike reported from 1990-2007 which is just 20% of actual strikes occurred. 2 pound seagull striking an aircraft with the speed of 140mph exerts a force of 4800lbs on aircraft. Annual damage of $650 million had been done to just American civil and fighter crafts and $1.3 billion worldwide. Over 288 deaths occurred from1988 till date so far.

Important factors need to study accidents Size and weight of the bird Aircraft speed Engine type Diameter of inlet Power setting of the engine Exact location of the strike on the aircraft

Important factors need to study accidents Birds Classification or Taxonomy: Science of the classification of living organisms. The birds migrate from one place to another, so the geographic area inhabited by a bird species is called its breeding range. Effect of bird weights and density on strikes: Important factors that decides the damage to be occurred. More damage about to occur in case of collision with a bird with high density. Bird behaviour and flying altitude: The bird-flight altitudes vary from 30 to 300 feet above ground level (AGL). 80 percent of bird strikes occur when aircrafts are below1,000 ft. AGL. Soaring and Gliding: Soaring and Gliding flight are energy-efficient behaviours of larger bird species. As a result, soaring birds covers greater airspace around airports vertically and horizontally giving rise to more hazards to the aircrafts.

Bird strike accident 26 February,1973 On this date an Learjet 24aircraft departed from Atlanta (Peach tree DeKalb airport ) strike with brown headed cow birds which were attracted to nearby trash transfer station . Intense bird strike caused engine failure eventually leading to crashing of aircraft on a rooftop of a building. Accident killed 8 people including 5 passengers , 2 crew members and 1 person at roof top of the building. In the response to this accident FAA took serious measures to clean up the areas around the air strips to avoid attraction for birds.

Civil aviation and aircraft industry

Industry Growth The average growth rate for next 20 years will be 5 %. By 2018 world airline fleet is expected to almost double to over 28,000 aircraft.

Industry Growth Canada's airplane business contributed more than $28B to Gross domestic product and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015

Industry Growth Aviation producing represented near 30% of aggregate producing part R&D investment's More than 20% of aviation assembling movement (GDP) was committed to R&D, speaking to $1.9B in 2015

The Canadian aerospace industry The lion's share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada. The major share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada. Western and Atlantic Canada had 60% of aerospace MRO exercises.

Key findings Canada's avionic business contributed more than $28B to GDP and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015 Close to 55% of aviation fares were production network related, and these developed by half somewhere around 2010 and 2015 The major share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada Canada's airplane business contributed more than $28B to Gross domestic product and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015 Western and Atlantic Canada had 60% of aerospace MRO exercises More than 20% of aviation assembling movement (GDP) was committed to R&D, speaking to $1.9B in 2015

Percentage of bird strike on aircraft Three-quarters of bird strikes involve the wing or engines, but they can damage nearly any part of an airplane.

Cost of aircraft by bird striking Direct costs The direct costs refer to those incurred within the repair or replacement of broken parts, and include the actual price of the parts, labor and the overhead cost related with the labor. Indirect costs Indirect costs are impacted by the extent of damage to the aircraft, distance from the operator’s closest repair base, size of the airline fleet and the operator’s type of business. Transporting replacement components and mechanics to the site Replacement aircraft Missed connections and re-booking passengers on alternate flights Accommodation and meal costs for repair crews

Cost of aircraft by striking birds Ancillary costs Ancillary costs square measure are incurred by the airport owner or operator, regulatory authorities, other airport users and emergency-response agencies that must deal with the results of bird or mammal strikes. Airport emergency response Runway closures Runway clean-up and repairs Flight arrival and departure delays Administration of regulatory agencies involved with bird and wildlife hazards Additional fuel used by aircraft during delays Airport wildlife-management programs

Wildlife-strike prevention Airports around the world are using many different bird strike prevention methods. Prevention methods vary widely because no two airports are the same. There are some common method for wildlife- strike. Shooting Birds Shooting not only directly reduces the number of birds on airport properties by killing them, but also scares other birds away with noise and the sight of dying birds. Egg Oiling This method commonly used for Canadian geese, Because Canadian Geese pose such a threat to airplanes. They oiled geese eggs with vegetable oil to prevent hatching.

Wildlife-strike prevention Overhead Netting and Grid Line A promising technology for airports near wetlands is the use of overhead grid line systems. These grids of wires, suspended at least 1.5 meters above the ground, can cover lengths up to 675 meters Avian Radar Avian radar specifically tracks the movements of birds and give information data. Predators In the past, airports have tried introducing natural predators to scare off flocks of smaller birds. . Trained raptors, such as gyrfalcons, eagles, and peregrine falcons are released by falconers to scare away resident birds.

Wildlife-strike prevention Drones Some airports have experimented with remote controlled planes or drones. Drones act like other predatory birds to scare birds away. It also used by pyrotechnics or noise making devices to scare birds away. Landscape Management Managing the landscape surrounding the airport limits or removes the attractiveness of the airport to birds. Lights on aircrafts The lighting fixtures could offer an in advance warning so the birds can discover and avoid the aircraft.

Solutions To Bird Strike: Airframe And Engine Manufacturers Airport And Surrounding Pilots Air Operators

Airport and Surrounding Aeronautics Act Section 4.2 “The Minister is responsible for the development and regulation of aeronautics and the supervision of all matters connected with aeronautics, and in the discharge of those” Responsibilities “Wildlife Management Programs” Aeronautics Act section 5.4 (2) “Intended to prevent land-use activities that may lead to wildlife hazards” Transport Canada Publication (TP1247) “Land Use in the Vicinity of Airports”

The Aircraft Canadian Aviation Regulation (CAR) 602.32 Speed limitation Airworthiness standards (FAR 27) Airworthiness Standards (FAR 29) Aircraft Engine Certification (FAR 33) Impact of Bird strike on a windshield

Impact force of the bird strike at various flight speed