Memory Key Revision Points.

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Presentation transcript:

Memory Key Revision Points

Random Access Memory (RAM) Main memory where data, files programs are stored while in use When you run a program it is copied from the hard disk into RAM When the computer boots the OS (e.g. Windows is copied into RAM) Volatile – requires power to retain its data. Storage is temporary. Slower than cache but faster than secondary storage RAM comes on “sticks” or modules that plug into slots on the motherboard Easy to replace/upgrade

More/Less RAM? If computer doesn’t have enough RAM it will run slowly – has to swap data in and out of slower virtual memory More RAM allows you to run more applications simultaneously – can all be loaded into main memory Generally the more RAM the better but… If a PC already has plenty of RAM (to run everything the user wants) adding more may not improve performance

Read Only Memory Non volatile – does not require power to retain data. Storage is permanent ROM chips are built-in to the motherboard BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is held in ROM Instructions computer needs to boot up properly Self checks CPU/RAM  Loads drivers for basic input/output hardware  Loads OS into RAM Needs to be in ROM or instructions lost when the computer turned off. Wouldn’t know how to boot next time it was turned on! Although ROM is read only it can be updated by “flashing”

Other Uses of ROM Firmware = hardware specific software built into a device (the BIOS is firmware) Many devices that use embedded systems e.g. microwave store their software/firmware on ROM chips

Virtual Memory Part of the secondary storage (e.g. the hard drive) used like additional RAM Needed when RAM is full because… Too many applications open Memory intensive operations being performed Data transferred temporarily into virtual memory to free up RAM May make the computer slow to respond – due to constantly moving data between VM and RAM

Speed? Complete the table with the different types of memory in a computer system Virtual memory, Registers, RAM, ROM, Cache Fastest Slowest

Textbook and Firefly Textbook pages 4,12 Firefly http://wilmslowhigh.fireflycloud.net/computing/year-11/computer-systems/memory