Physical Education Revision Guide Grades 8 BOYS End of Year Theory Exam 2017

Football Football is a ball sport played by two teams of eleven players. Games are played on a rectangular pitch with rectangular goals at each end. The object is to score goals by putting the ball through the goal. Goal Keeper Only player allowed to use his hands. Stands in the goal Centre Back/Full Back These players protect the goal and the goal keeper from the ball. Midfielder These players are in the middle of the pitch and must be good passers. Wingers These players attack down the sides of the pitch and are usually very fast. Strikers These players try to score as many goals as possible.

FOOTBALL CONTINUED Handball: If the ball makes contact with a players hand (not the goal keeper). Then a free kick is awarded. If inside the penalty area, then a penalty is awarded. If a player passes back to his own goal keeper and he picks it up, an indirect free kick is given. Foul: A foul occurs when a player trips/kicks/pushes another player. A free kick is awarded. Offside: When an attacker is between the last defender and the goalkeeper when the ball is passed to him, he is offside. Throw ins: - A player must keep both feet on the floor when he takes a throw in.

ROUNDERS RULES Scoring If the batter reaches the 2nd or 3rd post in one hit, the batting team scores ½ Rounder. If the batter reaches 4th post in one hit, the batting team scores a Rounder. Running around the track Batters must always keep contact with the post, either with their hand or bat. If you don’t, the fielders can stump you out at the following post. You don’t have to move to the next post every time a ball is bowled. A batter may not remain at the same post as another batter. The umpire shall order the player who batted first to run on and may be put out in the usual ways. If they are both between posts and the batter coming up the rear runs past, then they would be out as the overtaker.

ROUNDERS Bowling: It is a no ball when: the ball is above the head/below the knee the ball bounces on its way to you the ball is wide or straight at body the bowler’s foot is outside of the square when they release the ball the bowler does not use a smooth underarm action

Athletics

Athletics – Track and Field This year we have completed: The high jump (field) Shot put (field) Javelin (field) 4x100m Relay (track) 100m Sprint (track) 200m Sprint (track) All these events are classed under track or field events Other track and field events include: Hurdles (track) Discus throw (field) Pole vault (field) Hammer throw(field) Walking (track) Triple jump(field)

Basketball

What is basketball? Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of 5 players each try to score points against one another by throwing a ball through a 3m high hoop. Each hoop is placed at the end of a rectangular court.

Simple rules of Basketball The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. A player cannot bounce the ball with two hands. A player cannot run with the ball, this is called traveling. A player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, or dribble the ball with one hand while they are running. If you dribble the ball, then stop and catch it, you must pass or shoot the ball. Double dribble is where you dribble the ball, catch it and dribble again. You can only hold the ball for 5 seconds. Shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking of any way towards a player of the other team is not allowed – no contact.

SCORING Points are scored for shooting the basketball through the hoop. Two points for a goal inside the three-point semi-circle, and three points for goals scored from outside. Free throws, taken from the free-throw line & awarded after a foul, are worth one point.

Passing There are 3 passes used in basketball: Chest pass Chest pass is used for a quick and easy pass to another person on your team. The ball is held at your chest and thrown directly to your partners chest. Overhead pass The overhead pass is used when you need to pass the ball overhead It is also used as a long distance throw. Bounce pass The bounce pass is used when there is someone in-between you & your team mate, you pass the ball low, around the defender, with a bounce.

Basketball Skills Dribbling Dribbling in basketball is where you bounce the ball with one hand. You dribble in basketball when you want to move around the court (you cannot walk or run holding the ball). Teaching points: Clean palm, dirty fingers. Bounce the ball hip height. Keep your eyes up Flick your wrist.

F= Flick, follow through – flick your wrist when your Shooting Remember B.E.E.E.F B= Body, bent and balance – One foot in front of the other, shoulder width apart, knees bet. E= Elbow – Your elbow should be at a 90 degrees, the ball should be held on one hand, directly over your elbow. E= Eyes – Look at where you are shooting at, you should be looking at the rim of the basket. E= Elevation – When you throw the ball you body should elevate/jump (bent knees should straighten). F= Flick, follow through – flick your wrist when your throw the ball and follow through.

BADMINTON

Health, Fitness & Well-Being

Fitness Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. There are many benefits of being physically fit including: Mental/psychological benefits – improved confidence, relief from stress Physical benefits – losing weight, improved posture, improved body shape Social benefits – meeting people, new friends

Health Related Fitness Factors Cardiovascular Fitness: the ability to exercise the body for long periods of times, sometimes called stamina Muscular Strength: the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance, e.g. helps sportspeople hit, tackle and throw Muscular endurance: the ability to use muscles many times without becoming tired, e.g. sprinting

Flexibility: the range of movement possible at a joint Flexibility: the range of movement possible at a joint. It helps sportspeople to stretch and reach further Body composition: it is the percentage of the body that is fat, muscle and bone. It is what the body is made up of.

Skill related fitness factors: Skill related factors are essentially to succeed in sport: Agility: the ability to change body position quickly, i.e. turn Balance: the ability to retain centre of mass, above base of support when stationary or moving Co-ordination: the ability to use two or more body parts together. E.g. hand-eye coordination to catch a ball

Power: the ability to use strength at speed. Power = strength x speed Reaction time: the time between presentation of a stimulus & the onset of movement Speed: the time it takes to get from point A to point B. How quickly you can move between 2 points. Skill related factors can be trained toward & improved by following a skill related fitness programme relevant to your sport

Types of Fitness Training Circuit training: multiple activities (e.g. press-ups, sit-ups, burpees) are completed as part of a rotation/circuit for a set time, e.g. 30 seconds Intervals: Short bursts of intense physical activity followed by recovery period, e.g. 100m sprint, followed by 200m walk Strength training: resistance training to oppose a force, e.g. weight lifting or gym machines

Types of Fitness Training Plyometric: these are explosive exercises to increase muscle power. Types of Fitness Training Endurance Training: this is sustained activity to increase cardiovascular fitness, e.g. jogging for 30minutes.

Balanced Diet A balanced diet involves eating the correct amounts of the wide variety of food types included in the food plate. We should eat more foods from top of the plate & less food from the top of the plate. The food plate helps promote a healthy eating life-style. The FLOOD PLATE is an updated version of the food pyramid.

Muscles in the BODY

Bones in the BODY

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