LIP’s interest in SHiP P. Fonte

LIP-Laboratory of Instrumentation and high-energy Particle physics (www.lip.pt) Congregates the bulk of the HEP activities in Portugal (Lisbon, Coimbra, Braga)

Past and present activities LIP-Laboratory of Instrumentation and high-energy Particle physics (www.lip.pt) Past and present activities High-energy physics: ATLAS, CMS, COMPASS, CPLEAR, DELPHI, HADES, Hera-b, n-TOF, NA38, NA50, NA51 Astroparticles: AMS, AUGER, ESA, GAW, SNO, LUX, air scintillation studies Computation: ATLAS Grid, ATLAS TDAQ, e-IRGSP2, EELA, GEE, int.eu.grid, LCG Medical Physics: PET-mammography, RPC-PET, SPECT, simulation, dosimetry Detector development: active gaseous scintillators, tRPCs, liquefied noble gases, detector physics in Coimbra: Detector lab: 1 physicist, 1 electrical engin., 2 techn. Well equipped mechanical workshop: 2 engin., 2 techn. 4 staff researchers,1 in RPC group 5-axis milling machine CNC lathe with off-axis motorized tools

First 50ps timing RPCs (9 cm2) 4 x 0.3 mm gaps [ Fonte 2000] 3 Aluminum Glass -HV Resolution of the reference counter = 99.5 % for MIPs (75%/gap) (optimum operating point  1% of discharges)

Active area = 10 cm160 cm = 0.16 m2 (400 cm2/electronic channel) Large area counter Active area = 10 cm160 cm = 0.16 m2 (400 cm2/electronic channel) 5 cm 4 timing channels 1,6 m HV Top view Cross section Ordinary 3 mm “window glass” Copper strips [Blanco 2001]

Efficiency and time resolution Large area counter Efficiency and time resolution 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 100% -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Time efficiency Strip A Strip B Strips A+B  = 95 to 98 % Center of the trigger region along the strips (cm) [Blanco 2001] 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 Time resolution (ps )  = 50 to 75 ps Center of the trigger region along the strips (cm) No degradation when the area/channel was doubled (800 cm2/channel)

HADES RPC TOF Wall

Heat-tolerant materials HADES cells 0.27 mm  4 gaps minimum for good efficiency Aluminum and glass 2mm electrods minimize amount of glass for maximum rate capability try to keep good mechanics Heat-tolerant materials Fully shielded Spring-loaded pressure plate Aluminium Glass HV & readout in the center

HADES Au-Au RPC time resolution

HADES PID plot Sub-threshold produced K- clearly visible: robust multihit performance

Auger observatory Area ~3000 km2 telescope building “Los Leones” LIDAR station communication tower Cerenkov tank (1/1600) 11

Field experience@Malargüe – 1st MARTA station 2 RPC units

RPC & gas volume 1250 mm 1550 mm

Readout: 64 external pads (or something else)

La carrosserie en place Cost estimate in mass production (3200m2): 1k€/m2 with slow electronics (MAROC chip)

Whereabouts

The NEULAND RPC neutron TOF detector prototype Symmetric MRPCs with 4 or 10 gaps 3 mm thick glass (for neutrons to have something to interact with) Not optimal for timing [J.Mahado 2013] Still in use today as a cosmic ray telescope

The NEULAND RPC neutron TOF detector prototype [J.Mahado 2013]

The HADES RPC Group The NEULAND RPC team Collaborators GSI D.Gonzalez W.Koenig M.Traxler G. Kornakov LIP A.Blanco N.Carolino O.Cunha P.Fonte L.Lopes A.Pereira C.Silva C.C.Sousa USC D.Belver P.Cabanelas E.Castro J.A.Garzón M.Zapata IFIC-Valencia J.Diaz A.Gil The NEULAND RPC team LIP A.Blanco N.Carolino P.Fonte L.Lopes A.Pereira Univ. Lisboa D.Galaviz A. Henriques P. Teubig P. Velho

The MARTA team @ AUGER Collaborators CBPF - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Brazil FZU - Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic IFSC / USP - Instituto de Física de S. Carlos, Universidade de S. Paulo, Brazil LIP - Laboratório de Instrumentação e Partículas, Portugal UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universitá di Roma II, “Tor Vergata”, Italy USC - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Summary Timing RPCs were, are and will be used in many HEP experiments: the modern high-performance, large area TOF technology. Many such implementations are ALICE-TOF derived. The low-cost environmentally friendly (low gas flow) RPC construction technology developed for remote standalone stations may be applied to the SHiP timing detector. 80 ps resolution already proven in large area prototypes, however not optimized for MIPs. This may revolutionize costwise the construction of large, low-rate, low-multiplicity, TOF detectors, opening way for even larger TOF detectors.