F. Orga (2), R. M. Alsina-Pagès (2), F. Alías (2), J. C. Socoró (2), Real-time urban traffic noise maps: the influence of Anomalous Noise Events in Milan Pilot area of DYNAMAP G. Zambon(1), R. Benocci(1) F. Orga (2), R. M. Alsina-Pagès (2), F. Alías (2), J. C. Socoró (2), 1) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan 2) GTM - Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle - Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona

Outline Introduction What is an ANE? And ANED? Milan Scenario description Methods of detecting the ANE Conclusions

1-Introduction (1) LIFE-DYNAMAP (Dynamic Acoustic Mapping - Development of low cost sensors networks for real time noise mapping) – (2014-2019). Project goals: Implement Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC Acoustic maps based on low-cost smart grids to ease and perform its updating. Two pilots: Rome (highway portals) and Milan (district 9) Development of an Anomalous Noise Event Detection (ANED) algorithm, that gives support to automatic data record and processing for the acoustic maps, helping in detect noise that only is caused by road traffic.

1-Introduction (2) The goal of the work we present today is: Identify the impact of ANE in several examples of real-life measurements. Identify if the several measurement places in Milan present homogeneous results in terms of ANE typology or they should be clustered. * The measured roads could be classified into 2 clusters for their performance and ANE typology, following the clusters that Bicocca had already defined [1] [1] G. Zambon, R. Benocci, G. Brambilla. Cluster categorization of urban roads to optimize their noise monitoring. Environmental Monitoring Assessment,(2016) 1, 88: 26.

2. What is an ANE? (1) ANE stands for Anomalous Noise Event END 2002/49/EC states that the noise impact of each main source should be determined and reported separately -> other noise sources should be minimized Our goal is to evaluate the road traffic noise The automatic ANE identification and labelling became one of the goals of the project, in order to minimize the ANE impact to the equivalent measured level

2. What is an ANE? (2)

2. What is an ANE? (3) ANE stands for Anomalous Noise Event

2. What is an ANE? (4) 19 different types of ANE in DYNAMAP

3. Milan Scenario Description 2233 road stretches belonging to all different types of urban roads: principal arterial roads collector arterial roads local roads

3. Milan Scenario Description By means of a cluster analysis, based on the Leq roads trend, we obtain two clusters clearly distinct Box plots of the traffic flow rate at rush hour for the two cluster.

3. Milan Scenario Description The monitoring devices have to be provided of ANED In order to check the feasibility of deleting ANE, preliminary tests sites with different acoustic charact. were selected: Sites embracing only primary road Sites with additional crossings Sites with railway lines nearby Complex mixed scenarios

4. Methods of detecting the ANE (a) Manually

4. Methods of detecting the ANE (b) ANED – supervised ML technique

4. Methods of detecting the ANE (b) ANED – requirements Dataset to train the system Road Traffic Noise (RTN) raw data Anomalous Noise Events (ANE) raw data Less than 3% of data in Rome Around 12% of data in Milano Quality, diversity, amount and distribution of existing ANE determines the ANED performance

4. Methods of detecting the ANE Criterion Cluster Precision Recall F1 Manual 1 58.3% 2.1% 4.0% 2 60.5% 1.8% 3.5% All 59.5% 1.9% 3.7% 67.5% 0.4% 0.7% 61.5% 0.2% 0.3% 64.2% 0.5% 3 63.8% 1.2% 2.3% 50.9% 1.0% 56.6% 0.8% 1.6% ANED 37.0% 63.3% 43.2% 42.3% 59.1% 41.0% 39.9% 61.0% 41.9% You should explain here what is the precisiónm the recall and the F1 (it is all explained in the paper… but people is not going to get it, because it is not easy).

4. Methods of detecting ANE This two comparisons are really clear of what is happening. The first project has not many ANE with high saliency (high SNR), so the difference every 5 mins is low, máximum 1 dB The second project has at least one point (10’) where there is a long and salient ane (a siren) that makes the difference between the evaluation with or without ANE is really different (around 6db) For Giovanni: i put this two figures because tehy are very clear, and their results present the same values tan the projects we are working now. I have just put one new figure, in next slide.

5. Conclusions Excluding the ANE has a positive impact, as the Leq5min obtained is lower and more realistic evaluation of the noise traffic in the street The manual users tend to identify as ANE the most salient signal The ANED can identify ANEs even below 0dB of SNR -> not useful in terms of environmental monitoring Future work and analysis ANE duration and SNR study and their impact in Leq Critical ANE definition in terms of impact at Leq 5mins Final ANED adjustments will be conducted depending on the previous results of the analysis