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Cell Division Prokaryote cells Fission Asexual Reproduction Eukaryote cells Mitosis Growth Repair Meiosis Sexual Reproduction Chapter Introduction

Asexual Reproduction What is asexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial? How do the types of asexual reproduction differ? Lesson 2 Reading Guide

What is asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which only one parent organism produces the offspring. Because the offspring inherit all their DNA from one parent, they are genetically identical to each other and to their parent. Asexual reproduction Identical Lesson 2

What is asexual reproduction? (cont.) Describe asexual reproduction in your own words. Lesson 2

Fission Fission is a type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes using cell division. Fission Lesson 2

Mitosis Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction used by many unicellular eukaryotes (e.g. ameba, algae, fungi). Mitosis Lesson 2

Budding Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a smaller daughter organism breaks off from a larger parent. Budding Hydra Yeast Lesson 2

Regeneration Regeneration is a form of asexual reproduction where an offspring grows from a piece of its parent. Regeneration Lesson 2

Vegetative reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where an offspring grow from a parent plant without using seeds. Lesson 2

Artificial Cloning Artificial Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction performed in the lab where a few cells are used to make an entire organism. Scientists have been able to clone many animals in the lab. Lesson 2

Lesson 2

Lesson 2

Cloning Plants Some plants can be cloned using tissue culture. Lesson 2

Grafting Plants Some plants can be cloned using grafting. Lesson 2

Types of Asexual Reproduction (cont.) Compare and contrast the different types of asexual reproduction. Lesson 2

Advantages Asexual reproduction allows organisms to reproduce without a mate, saving time and energy. Asexual reproduction also enables some organisms to produce large numbers of offspring in a short period of time. Lesson 2

Disadvantages Asexual reproduction results in less genetic variation within the population making it susceptible to environmental changes, disease, predation or harmful mutation. Lesson 2

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Number of parents Only one parent needed Two parents are needed to mate Process Mitosis in body cells (division) Meiosis in sex cells and fertilization (division & fusion) Pros Faster, no need to search for mate, requires less energy More genetic variation, selective breeding Cons Less genetic variation, more susceptible to harm Requires two organisms and more energy Usually Found in Lower organisms Higher organisms Lesson 2

Types of Asexual Reproduction (cont.) How is asexual reproduction beneficial? Lesson 2

Cell Division Prokaryote cells Fission Asexual Reproduction Eukaryote cells Mitosis Growth Repair Meiosis Sexual Reproduction Chapter Introduction

Fission refers to the cell division of which of these? A. DNA B. eukaryotes C. bacteria D. prokaryotes Lesson 2

Which is a method for cloning some plants? A. tissue culture B. tissue budding C. vegetative reproduction D. fission Lesson 2

4. Cloning produces identical individuals from one cell. Do you agree or disagree? 4. Cloning produces identical individuals from one cell. 5. All organisms have two parents. 6. Asexual reproduction occurs only in microorganisms. Lesson 2

Reproduction ensures the survival of species. The BIG Idea

Which type of cells have only one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes? A. haploid cells B. diploid cells C. homologous cells D. zygotes Chapter Review - MC

Which type of reproduction occurs when the genetic materials from two different cells combine to produce offspring? A. asexual C. sexual B. animal D. zygote Chapter Review - MC

What is the name of the new cell formed through fertilization during sexual reproduction? A. an egg B. a sperm C. a chromosome D. a zygote Chapter Review - MC

Which term describes offspring growing from a piece of its parent? A. cloning B. budding C. fission D. regeneration Chapter Review - MC

B. vegetative propagation C. cloning D. budding Which process do farmers use to make copies of a plant with desirable traits? A. regeneration B. vegetative propagation C. cloning D. budding Chapter Review - MC

In which of these organs is a female organism’s egg produced? A. ovaries B. homologous chromosomes C. testes D. haploid cells Chapter Review - MC

Meiosis occurs during the formation of which of these? A. body cells B. diploid cells C. sex cells D. chromosomes Chapter Review - MC

A. telophase II C. prophase I B. metaphase II D. telophase I Which of these is the final phase of meiosis in which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids? A. telophase II C. prophase I B. metaphase II D. telophase I Chapter Review - MC

D. vegetative reproduction A new organism grows, by mitosis and cell division, on the body of its parent during which process? A. cloning B. budding C. regeneration D. vegetative reproduction Chapter Review - MC

D. vegetative reproduction What type of asexual reproduction is often performed in a laboratory to produce identical individuals from a cell or cluster of cells? A. regeneration B. mitosis C. cloning D. vegetative reproduction Chapter Review - MC