JH-KEADLE Types of Reproduction

We will be focusing on genetic material and how it is passed from parent to offspring. All living things pass on their traits to offspring but there are two different types of reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Reproductive process that only requires one parent so the offspring gets 100% of its genetic material from that parent offspring are identical to the parent (clone) most microscopic and unicellular organisms can reproduce asexually A few plants and animals can use this method Also called: Binary fission, budding, regeneration

Aesexual Reproduction Only requires one parent No sharing of genetic material Offspring is identical to parent No diversity

Asexual Reproduction Parent (tall) Tt offspring (tall) Tt

Examples of Asexual Reproduction protists fungi hydra ferns starfish bacteria

Sexual Reproduction Reproductive process that requires two parents and offspring receive 50% of their genetic material from each parent Offspring are different from either parent Most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually

Sexual Reproduction Reproduction that involves two parents Genetic material is combined The offspring are different from either parent Leads to more diversity

Fertilization (combined genetic material) Sexual Reproduction Parent (tall) Tt Parent (tall) Tt Fertilization (combined genetic material) offspring (tall) TT offspring (tall) Tt offspring (tall) Tt offspring (short) tt

Parthenogenesis Organisms that can reproduce asexually and sexually The female can give birth without a male aphids snails some plants hammerheads starfish Kimodo dragon

Hermaphroditic Reproduction Organisms that can reproduce asexually and sexually they have male and female sex organs or they can switch sexes snails slugs most plants some fish earthworms

Hermaphroditic Reproduction Type of Reproduction Disadvantages Advantages Sexual Asexual Parthenogenesis Hermaphroditic Reproduction * more genetic diversity * can adapt and change * easier to evolve * expend energy looking for a mate * length of gestation * usually occurs faster * don’t have to find a mate * reduces genetic mutations * no new genetics * no diversity * limited evolution * usually occurs faster * don’t have to find a mate * reduces genetic mutations * no new genetics * no diversity * limited evolution * usually occurs faster * don’t have to find a mate * reduces genetic mutations * no new genetics * no diversity * limited evolution