Unit 7 Agenda Big Question: What was the Cold War and how were countries caught in the middle of the competition between the US and USSR at this time? End of the Cold War – notes & video Hwk –Complete Unit 7 Final Exam Review Questions

CH. 26 SECT. 5 “The End of the Cold War” Terms: Détente Deng’s 4 Modernizations Perestroika Glasnost

Post Mao China: Deng’s 4 Modernizations

Q. China: After Mao When did Deng Xaioping come to power in Communist China? What policy did Deng use to increase China’s economic influence in the 21st century? In what areas did he create these changes?

What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen? Q. China: After Mao What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?

Deng Xiaoping Deng emerged as leader of China in 1978 (he would act as leader until 1992)

Economic Recovery for China: Modernists Come to Power Deng Xiaoping - Facing enormous economic challenges used CAPITALIST ideas to help the economy

Economic Recovery for China: Modernists Come to Power 1978 Deng’s FOUR MODERNIZATIONS policy for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science/technology Leased land to private farmers – private ownership Small businesses permitted to operate Welcomes foreign investment

Q. China: After Mao When did Deng Xaioping come to power in Communist China? What policy did Deng use to increase China’s economic influence in the 21st century? In what areas did he create these changes?

Q. China: After Mao 1978 Deng’s 4 Modernizations increased China’s economic influence in the world. Changes were made in agriculture, industry, defense, science & technology

Deng’s Crackdown on Human Rights: Tiananmen Square A huge public space in Beijing, China in 1989, the site of a student protest or uprising in support of democratic reforms. “Down with corruption” “Down with dictatorship” and “Long live democracy!”

Deng’s Crackdown on Human Rights: Tiananmen Square Deng Xiaoping ordered more than 250,000 troops to surround Beijing. Tanks smashed through June 4, 1989. Soldiers sprayed gunfire. Killed 100s, wounded 1,000s. Not sure of the #’s dead Arrested over 10,000 people Video

Video Tank Man

What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen? Q. China: After Mao What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?

Q. China: After Mao What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen? Answer: Democratic protests! Deng sent out the People’s Liberation Army to stop the democratic protests. Hundreds to possibly 1,000’s were killed. Deng put down these protests to show that China was still rigid in its Communist political policies. The Tiananmen Square Massacre represented Deng’s crackdown on Chinese human rights.

Deng Xiaoping Deng emerged as leader of China in 1978 (he would act as leader until 1992) Some of China’s Leaders After Deng Xiaoping: Jiang Zemin Hu Jintao Xi Jinping(2014)

Deng’s legacy Booming economy transformed China But repression of democratic ideas

USSR repression during the Cold War

USSR: Death of Stalin, 1953 In the post war years, the Soviets kept a firm grip on satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany After the Death of Stalin, March of 1953, more moderate leaders come to power During the 50’s and 60’s, Eastern European nations try to gain more autonomy and independence

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviets Dominate Eastern Europe: Nikita Khrushchev Denounces Stalin Enacts de-Stalinization (purging the country of Stalin’s memory) program Nevertheless resentment in the satellite countries still builds… Soviet policies greatly hampered Eastern Europe’s economic recovery

USSR puts down reform protests in Hungary Cold War Dissidents (those who protest Soviet policies) - not tolerated by USSR leadership: 1956 in Hungary Imre Nagy forms a new government Response of Soviet Union – Soviet forces overpowered the Hungary’s freedom fighters USSR leader, Nikita Khrushchev replaced Nagy’s gov’t and had him executed

Building of the Berlin Wall - 1961 Millions of East Germans had fled by crossing the border between East and West Berlin and then moving into West Germany. Khrushchev believed it was necessary build a wall in Berlin to preserve COMMUNISM in EAST GERMANY

Leonid Brezhnev – Repression of Czechoslovakia’s Demands For Democratic Reforms

USSR Puts Down Protests for Reform in Czechoslovakia Cold War Dissidents (those who protest Soviet policies) - not tolerated by USSR leadership: 1964 Alexander Dubcek’s Czechoslovakia invaded by member countries of the Warsaw Pact – USSR leader - Brezhnev – claimed Soviet right to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism

The Cold War – Oppression of the Satellites M How did the Soviets deal with the unrest that arose in Czechoslovakia in the 1960’s They expelled Czechoslovakia from the USSR They granted Czech. more independence. They invaded Czech. and crushed the protests. They restructured the economy of Czech. along strictly communist lines.

From Brinkmanship to Detente In the 1970’s both the US and USSR backed away from aggressive policies of “Brinkmanship” Moved toward a period of lowered tensions. US embraces DÉTENTE – President Nixon adopted this policy of reducing COLD WAR tensions

The End of the Cold War DÉTENTE DEFINITION: Détente was The idea that a country would not risk war if it faced the prospect of certain destruction The term used by the French to describe the Cold War. The easing of Cold War tensions and hostilities during the 1970’s The symbol of the growing divide between East and West in the late 1940’s

The Soviet Afghan War (1979-1989) ends Détente! Communists seized power in Afghanistan in 1978. Civil War broke out – Muslim rebels threatened to topple the gov’t USSR sent in troops to defend the communist regime USA imposed tough sanctions on USSR (incl. boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics); also sent arms to help rebels Afghan War weakened USSR’s political & economic power – last Soviet forces left Afghanistan in 1989

SOVIET AFGHAN WAR

1980 Summer Olympics The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

The End of the Cold War & Collapse of the USSR

O. Perestroika & Glasnost

What caused the end of the USSR? Liberal Reforms by Mikhail Gorbachev Eastern block satellite nations began to break away from the USSR and Communism

The Collapse of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in 1982 USSR in trouble economically He changes the USSR with his policies of Perestroika and Glasnost Perestroika: economic restructuring; allowing more freedom; less command economy Glasnost: openness, allowed for the FREE flow of ideas and information!

O. Perestroika & Glasnost

O. Perestroika & Glasnost

Increased state control of the economy The End of the Cold War The reform program in the USSR known as perestroika (“restructuring”) resulted in Increased state control of the economy Less public criticism of the gov’t The adoption of limited free-market policies The resignation of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

Reforms in Poland, 1989 Gorbachev’s policies cue the satellite nations that change can come Poland – Union of workers called Solidarity call for reforms in Communist State 1989 – first free elections democratically elects Lech Walesa as president Communism is out in Poland!

Hungary, 1989 Inspired by Poland, reforms are encouraged Private enterprise, stock market, new constitution Communist party dissolves itself under pressure and national elections brings in a democratic govt Opening Hungary’s borders…

Hungary, 1989 Inspired by Poland, reforms are encouraged Private enterprise, stock market, new constitution Communist party dissolves itself under pressure and national elections brings in a democratic gov’t Opening Hungary’s borders…

Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989 video

Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989 East Germany tried to resist change going on in Poland and Hungary Hungary allowed East Germans to cross border into Austria and into West Germany East Germany closes border completely Protests erupt Pressure allows Berlin Wall to fall Communist party dissolves

Collapse of the Soviet Union Gorbachev was in charge as Eastern European nations break away Now those republics within the Soviet Union, like Lithuania, try to break away from USSR Horrifies many of the hardliner or hard core communists They try to overthrow Gorbachev – The August Coup

Boris Yeltsin After the failure of the August Coup, Boris Yeltsin dissolves the Communist party Gorbachev resigns 1991- The Soviet Union becomes the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

The Russian Federation is a member of the CIS Boris Yeltsin The Russian Federation is a member of the CIS Boris Yeltsin becomes 1st elected Pres. of Russia

_____P3. With all Gorbachev’s reforms, the Soviet economy improved relied upon China for support continued to decline and his reputation at home suffered relied upon North Korea for support

Collapse of the Soviet Union Youtube video End of the Cold War with USSR Collapse of the Soviet Union Youtube video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-2kx549Mf0&list=PLF2DAEC4AD8F0BB62&index=70&feature=plpp_video