Los usos del subjuntivo Español IV Los usos del subjuntivo

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Como formar el subjuntivo Go to the yo. Make sure to include any stem-changes or yo-go verbs. Drop the –o. Add the opposite vowel. -ar verbs will use e -er/-ir verbs will a

Subjunctive endings -ar verbs yo -e nosotros/as -emos tú -es vosotros/as -éis él ella Ud. ellos ellas Uds. -en

Subjunctive endings -er/-ir verbs yo -a nosotros/as -amos tú -as vosotros/as -áis él ella Ud. ellos ellas Uds. -an

La formula 1 2 3 Subject #1 (indicative verb) que   que This is the conjunction necessary to introduce the subjunctive clause Subject #2 + verb in the subjunctive (Must have a different subject from subject #1)

Complex Sentences Definition: Two thoughts, one complete and one incomplete, joined together in the same sentence. The main clause is a complete thought, albeit a short one. I insist… …that we play chess. main clause / independent clause (can stand alone as a sentence) subordinate clause / dependent clause (cannot stand alone as a sentence)

Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences The subjunctive only can occur in a dependent clause. However, not all dependent clauses require the subjunctive.

Los usos del subjuntivo

Adjectival Clauses An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that functions like an adjective. If the adjectival clause reports factual information about a specific subject Use indicative in the adjectival clause If the adjectival clause comments on a nonspecific subject (nonexistent or hypothetical) Use subjunctive in the adjectival clause

Adjectival Clauses Conozco un restaurante que se especializa en platos vegetarianos. Buscamos un restaurante que se especialice en cocina caribeña. The restaurant exists → indicative The restaurant doesn’t exist/hypothetical → subjunctive

Adjectival Clauses With adjectival clauses, the entire clause can be replaced with a simple adjective. This is a hint that you have an adjectival clause. Conozco un restaurante que se especializa en platos vegetarianos. Buscamos un restaurante que se especialice en cocina caribeña. Conozco un restaurante famoso. Buscamos un restaurante famoso.

Uso No 1: Nonexistent Must be talking about something that you believe doesn’t exist. Buscar … que … to look for… No conocer a nadie que … to not know anyone who… No hay ningún/ninguna que … there isn’t anyone who…

Nominal Clauses A nominal clause is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. It can either be the subject or the direct object of a sentence.

Nominal Clauses If the noun clause is part of a sentence that reports factual information Use indicative in the noun clause If the noun clause is a part of a sentence that gives commentary, opinion, subjective reaction, or value judgment, Use subjunctive in the noun clause

Nominal Clauses Es verdad que la fotografía es interesante. Dudo que la fotografía sea interesante. Part of reporting fact → indicative Part of reporting value judgment → subjunctive

Uso No 2: Recommendations Aconsejar que … to advice that Preferir que … (e-ie) to prefer that Recomendar que … (e-ie) to recommend that Sugerir que … (e-ie) to suggest that

Uso no 3: Will, wish, hope Decir que … (e-i) to tell (___) to Desear que … to desire that Esperar que … to hope that Exigir que… to demand that Impedir que… (e-i) to prevent from Insistir en que … to insist that Mandar que… to command that

Uso no 3: Will, wish, hope Necesitar que … to need to Pedir que… (e-i) to ask to Permitir que … to permit to Preferir que … (e-ie) to prefer that Prohibir que … to prohibit from Querer que … (e-ie) to want to Rogar que … to plead that

Uso no 3: Will, wish, hope Special word: Ojalá que… To hope that Never has a subject for ojalá Derives from Arabic: Oh, allah…

Uso no 4: Doubt, denial Dudar que … to doubt that Es dudoso que … It’s doubtful that… No creer que … to not believe that No estar seguro(a) de que … It’s not for sure that... No ser cierto que … It’s not certain that… No ser verdad que … It’s not true that… Ser (im)posible que … It’s (im)possible that…

Uso no 4: Doubt, denial If you use these phrases in the affirmative, they take the indicative. No creo que Sr. Miga sea chistoso. (Subjunctive – doubt) Creo que Sr. Miga es chistoso. (Indicative – no doubt)

Uso no 4: Doubt, denial Special words Tal vez – maybe, perhaps Quizás – perhaps, maybe Quizás Sr. Miga reciba mil dólares hoy. Tal vez – maybe, perhaps Tal vez llueva las albóndigas.

Uso no 5: Emotions With these phrases, you MUST have an emotion to use the subjunctive. Me parece que el presidente es inteligente. (Not subjunctive – no emotion) Me parece interesante que el presidente no sea inteligente. (Subjunctive – emotion included) Estar (emoción) que… to be (emotion) that Parecerse (emoción) que … to seem (emotion) that

Uso no 5: Emotions Alegrarse de que … to be happy that Enojarse de que … to be mad that Importarle que … to not be important that Molestarle que … to bother/bug that Sentir que … (e-ie) to feel that Temer que ... to fear that

Uso no 6: Judgment (Sometimes called impersonal) Es importante que …. It’s important that… Es inaceptable que … It’s unacceptable that… Es incomprensible que … It’s incomprehensible that… Es interesante que … It’s interesting that… Es necesario que … It’s necessary that…

Uso no 6: Judgment (Sometimes called impersonal) Es obligatorio que … It’s obligatory that… Es preferible que … It’s preferrible that… Es raro que … It’s rare that… Es sorprendente que … It’s surprising that… Es una lástima que … It’s a shame that…

El indicativo vs el subjuntivo

Indicative versus Subjunctive The indicative is used to express what is objectively known or believed to be true. In other words, lots of people believe it is the truth. The subjunctive is subjective and deals with the realm of internal perceptions.

Indicative versus Subjunctive English has a subjunctive, but it is rarely used. It is typically translated “to [verb]”. “that [verb]”, or sometimes “will [verb].” However, these translations can also be in other moods or verb tenses. Therefore, it is important you memorize the various categories when the subjunctive is used. This is one time where translating may get you in trouble.

Ways to Remember U Unknown W Wishes, wants E Emotions I Impersonal expressions R Recommendations D Doubt, denial O Ojalá

Ways to Remember W Wishes, wants E Emotions D Doubts Demands I Impersonal expressions N Negation G God grant