Biology I Periodic Table (Classes of Elements) 3.00_Chemistry of Biology Biology I Periodic Table (Classes of Elements) Slides 45-68

3 Classes of Elements Using this as a guide, color code your periodic table to show the three classes. Start by highlighting the “zig-zag.” Class Color Metal Non-Metal Metalloid

What metal is not a solid Metals Location Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception  Hydrogen) Chemical Properties Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily Physical Properties ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are solid @ room temperature 79 Au 196.967 11 Na 22.990 Image taken from: http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/ig/Element-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm What metal is not a solid @ room temperature?

Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level Metals Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level 11 Na 22.990 Notice: only 1 electron in outer level + - + - 4 Be 9.012 Notice: only 2 electrons in outer level

Alkali Metals Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature Malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. Softer than most other metals Can explode if they are exposed to water

Alkali Earth Metals Metals Very reactive Not found free in nature

Transition Metals Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. For now, assume they each have two valence electrons. www.chem4kids.com

Transition Metals Ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat Iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

Rare Earth Elements Many are man-made

Other Metals Are ductile and malleable Are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

Metalloids Location Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table Chemical Properties Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer level Physical Properties Have properties of both metals and non-metals 14 Si 28.086 Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml 5 B 10.811 Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml

Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level Metalloids Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level                     + - Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level 5 B 10.811 + - Notice: only 3 electrons in outer level 14 Si 28.086

Metalloids Have properties of both metals and non-metals Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

Non-Metals Location Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table Chemical Properties Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level Physical Properties Not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature 17 Cl 35.453 Image taken from: http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm 16 S 32.066 Image taken from: https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp

Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level Non-Metals Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level + - 8 O 15.999     + - Notice: 2 electrons in outer level – FULL 2 He 4.003 + - Notice: 6 electrons in outer level – almost full Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full 9 F 18.998

Non-Metals Not able to conduct electricity or heat very well Very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets Exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). Have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

Halogens "Halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts" Exist in all three states of matter: Solid- Iodine, Astatine Liquid- Bromine Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

Noble Gases Do not form compounds easily

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Periodic Table of the Elements https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/dd/91/7d/dd917dbe322c7fc89716eb76d9a7b089.jpg

Periodic Table of the Elements Horizontal rows are called periods. Vertical columns are called groups

Periodic Table of the Elements