Your GCSE ! Britain: Health and the People Written paper worth 25% of your GCSE grade. You will be examined at the end of year 11 The exam will last for 1hr 45 mins. Also on this paper will be the Norman Conquest, but we will study this later in the course

Lesson Objectives To be able to identify the key elements of the Britain: Health and the People GCSE History Medicine exam To give examples of the key topics that make up the Britain: Health and the People course

What will you study? We will be looking at medicine and health in different time periods. We will be investigating different factors that led to change. We will also be looking at different areas of medicine!

We will be looking at the following time periods – Can you work out what they are?

Factors

What are factors? Factors are the causes that have made things happen in the history of medicine. They are different influences on the development of medicine. Each factor plays an important role in medicine’s changes over time. Factors can help or hinder change.

How do factors work? Almost always the factors work together to produce or prevent development in medicine. Although we will examine them separately remember that it would be very unusual for a single factor to alter the history of medicine.

How do we examine factors? Identify the factors - see how they worked together - examine which was most important, if any. For example - Penicillin Individuals - Fleming, Florey and Chain Second World War The need for an antibiotic Chance - the discovery of mould!

So what factors play a part in Medicine? Warfare Governments Superstition and Religion Chance Individuals Science and Technology Communication

Warfare War increased the need for medicine - without effective medicine there would be no army to fight! Roman army hospitals Paré’s ointment and ligatures Nightingale and the conditions in hospitals Penicillin X-rays & Skin grafts

Govt involvement means health for all, not just the rich Governments A government needs to get involved in medicine if it wants to stay in power. Public Health means health for all, controlled by the government. Romans - aqueducts, baths 19th Century - Public Health act Mass vaccinations 1948 Start of NHS Medieval towns - Plague Industrial Cities - cholera, typhoid, high death rates Govt involvement means health for all, not just the rich

Did Religion help or hinder? It spread ideas and education Provided care for the needy Kept the ideas of Galen Some helped as they were called by God Prevented dissection Prevented new ideas as Galen’s fitted the Churches teachings Dissection allowed around 1400 - Protestantism began

Chance Chance has played a large role in medicine What if Pare had not run out of oil? Pasteur’s work on Chicken cholera was an accident. What if Fleming had not seen the mould? Or what if he had cleaned up?

What was their effect on medicine? Individuals Hippocrates - father of modern medicine Galen - Roman creator of medicine for 1500 years. Vesalius, Pare, Harvey - the new men of the Renaissance What was their effect on medicine?

Without these people would there have been a change? Individuals Nightingale, Simpson, Lister - nursing, anaesthetic and antiseptic Koch and Pasteur - where does disease come from? Fleming, Florey and Chain - penicillin Without these people would there have been a change?

Science and Technology Communications - new methods of sharing ideas, and of stopping ideas! Science and Technology - new poor technology prevents advances, new machines, such as microscopes help it

AREAS OF MEDICINE ! Disease and Infection? Surgery and Anatomy? Public Health?

Medicine in a Nut Shell !! 10 Time periods 7 Factors 3 areas Shut your books – how many can you remember!!?? You will be tested on this next week!