Chinese Language 华 文 huá wén REV 00 Chinese Language 华 文 huá wén LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE

单元一 汉语拼音 Chapter 1 The Four Tones of Mandarin REV 00 Single-vowel finals & special finals a o e i u ü er (yi) (wu) (yu) LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

The initial of a syllable REV 00 The initial of a syllable LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 Example 1: LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 Example 2: LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 Example 3: LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Di-vowel finals and tri-vowel finals REV 00 Di-vowel finals and tri-vowel finals LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Finals of a vowel follwed by a nasal consonant REV 00 Finals of a vowel follwed by a nasal consonant LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 Neutral Tone LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

The sounds of Chinese characters are marked with phonetic letters. REV 00 The sounds of Chinese characters are marked with phonetic letters. There are altogether four tones for Chinese characters. The four tones are marked with the phonetic symbols. Three of the single-vowel finals i, u, and ü should respectively read yi, wu and yu. An initial alone cannot be read loud, so it should be followed with a single vowel when pronounced. LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Phonetic symbols are marked over the vowels. REV 00 Phonetic symbols are marked over the vowels. When the phonetic letter “ i ” is marked with tones, the “ · ” should be omitted. When following the letters j, q, x, i and y, the letter ü should be written as u. In the syllables zi, ci, si, zhi, chi, shi and ri, the letter i does not pronounce as it usually does. When following initials, the three finals iou, uei and uen should read iu, ui and un respectively. LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Neutral tones should not be marked with phonetic symbols. REV 00 If a final contains two vowels as medial and head vowel, the tone should be marked following the priority of a-e-i-o-u-ü. The only exception is iu, which should be marked over the letter u, for example iú. There are di-vowel finals, tri-vowel finals and finals with a nasal consonant ending. Neutral tones should not be marked with phonetic symbols. LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

The Sandhi of the Third Tone REV 00 The Sandhi of the Third Tone LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

REV 00 Tone Sandhi of “bu” LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the first tone word) REV 00 Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the first tone word) LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the second tone word) REV 00 Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the second tone word) LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the third tone word) REV 00 Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the third tone word) LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l

Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the fourth tone word) REV 00 Tone Sandhi of “yi” (combine with the fourth tone word) LMFOR 3330 CHINESE LANGUAGE l