From: Dynamics, Alterations, and Consequences of Minimally Invasive Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Rats Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2014;55(1):600-611.

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From: Dynamics, Alterations, and Consequences of Minimally Invasive Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Rats Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2014;55(1):600-611. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12714 Figure Legend: Evaluation of optic nerve damage. (A) The optic nerve damage was determined by using a 5-point damage grading scale according to Ding et al. 28 Each grade represents a different stage of optic nerve damage; grade 1: healthy nerve; grade 2: slight damage with only few damaged axons; grade 3: moderate damage with frequent degenerated axons; grade 4: severe damage with mostly degenerated axons and the appearance of gliotic areas; grade 5: severe axon degeneration in the optic nerve with frequent gliotic areas. Note the appearance of swollen and shrunken axons up to total degeneration (black arrows) and gliotic tissue (white triangle). Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) The frequency of axonal damage grades as shown in (A) was calculated as the distribution of optic nerve damage. Damage grades of CTRL eyes and contralateral and manipulated eyes of the CSOP and LAOP groups were compared. The highest frequency of grade 1 is shown for CTRL eyes (52%); grade 2 for contralateral eyes of CSOP group (64%); grade 3 (40%), grade 4 (9%), and grade 5 (4%) for treated eyes of the CSOP group. Overall, optic nerves of manipulated eyes from CSOP and LAOP show higher damage grades than optic nerves in contralateral eyes and CTRL eyes. (C) The mean optic nerve damage was calculated per group. CTRL and LAOP OS showed almost the same damage grades. Significant differences were identified between contralateral and manipulated eyes of CSOP (P < 0.01) and LAOP (P < 0.01) groups. Additionally, significantly elevated optic nerve damage was found in manipulated eyes of CSOP (P < 0.01) and LAOP (P < 0.01) compared to control group. (D) The number of axons has been analyzed as axonal density to an area of 0.05 mm2 in the optic nerves (number of axons per 0.05 mm2). Here, manipulated eyes from CSOP and LAOP groups show significantly reduced axon density compared to CTRL eyes (P < 0.01) as well as when compared to their contralateral eyes (CSOP: P < 0.05, LAOP: P < 0.01). Significances to controls are marked as # and to the contralateral eyes, as *. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Date of download: 10/14/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.