Displacement reactions

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Presentation transcript:

Displacement reactions Aiming for 4: Recall a definition of a displacement reaction. Use the reactivity series to determine whether a reaction between a metal and a different metal salt will occur. Safely make and record observations. Aiming for 6: Word equations and straightforward balanced symbol equations for displacement reactions. Predict observations for the metals listed in the reactivity series reacting with a different metal salt. Aiming for 8: Describe displacement reactions using an ionic equation. Write balanced symbol equations, with state symbols, for displacement reactions. Determine and explain which species is oxidised and which species (metal atom or ion) is reduced in a displacement reaction in terms of electron transfer.

Definitions A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts Oxidation is Gain of oxygen Reduction is Loss of oxygen OIL RIG Oxidation is Loss of electrons Reduction is Gain of electrons

Ionic Equations An ionic equation shows only the atoms and ions that change in a reaction. E.g. Magnesium + copper sulphate  magnesium sulphate + copper Mg (s) + CuSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Mg (s) + [Cu2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Mg2+ + SO42-](aq) + Cu(s) Mg(s) + Cu2+ (aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) In this reaction, the sulphate ions, SO42-(aq), remain the same, so do not appear in the ionic equation. Write word, balanced symbol and ionic equations with state symbols for the demonstration.

Predicting reactions Put 3 drops of each solution into four separate dimples of the spotting tile. Put 1 single grain of magnesium into each dimple. Record your observations in a table Repeat using copper, zinc and iron.

X Y Magnesium sulphate Copper sulphate Zinc Sulphate Iron Sulphate Magnesium sulphate Copper sulphate Zinc Sulphate Iron Sulphate Magnesium X Y Copper Zinc Iron

Magnesium sulphate Copper sulphate Zinc Sulphate Iron Sulphate Magnesium Predict = Copper Zinc Iron

Magnesium + copper sulphate  magnesium sulphate + copper Mg (s) + CuSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Mg (s) + [Cu2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Mg2+ + SO42-](aq) + Cu(s) Mg(s) + Cu2+ (aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) Magnesium + Zinc sulphate  Magnesium sulphate + Zinc Mg (s) + ZnSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Zn(s) Mg (s) + [Zn2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Mg2+ + SO42-](aq) + Zn(s) Mg(s) + Zn2+ (aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Zn (s) Magnesium + Iron sulphate  Magnesium sulphate + Iron Mg (s) + FeSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Mg (s) + [Fe2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Mg2+ + SO42-](aq) + Fe(s) Mg(s) + Fe2+ (aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Fe(s)

Zinc + Copper sulphate  Zinc sulphate + Copper Zn (s) + CuSO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Zn (s) + [Cu2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Zn2+ + SO42-](aq) + Cu(s) Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Zinc + Iron sulphate  Zinc sulphate + Iron Zn (s) + FeSO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Zn (s) + [Fe2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Zn2+ + SO42-](aq) + Fe(s) Zn(s) + Fe2+ (aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Fe(s) Iron + Copper sulphate  Iron sulphate + Copper Fe (s) + CuSO4(aq)  FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Fe (s) + [Cu2+ + SO42-](aq)  [Fe2+ + SO42-](aq) + Cu(s) Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq)  Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s)