The Digestive System Chapter 8

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Digestive Systems

Major Structures and Accessory Organs of the Digestive System © Cengage Learning

Mouth Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Begins preparation of food for digestion Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) or/o stomat/o

Structures of the Tongue and Oral Cavity © Cengage Learning

Pharynx Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pharyng/o

Esophagus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) esophag/o

Stomach Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Breaks down food and mixes it with digestive juices Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) gastr/o

Structures of the Stomach © Cengage Learning

Small Intestine Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) enter/o

Large Intestine Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Absorbs excess water Prepares solid waste for elimination Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) col/o, colon/o

Structures of Large Intestine © Cengage Learning

Rectum and Anus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Controls the excretion of solid waste Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) an/o proct/o rect/o

Liver Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) hepat/o

Gallbladder Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Stores bile and releases it to the small intestine as needed Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) cholecyst/o

Pancreas Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as needed Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pancreat/o (continues)

Pancreas © Cengage Learning

Key Word Parts and Definitions an/o anus, ring chol/e bile, gall cholecyst/o gallbladder col/o, colon/o colon, large intestine (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions -emesis vomiting enter/o small intestine esophag/o esophagus gastr/o stomach, belly (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions hepat/o liver -lithiasis presence of stones -pepsia digest, digestion -phagia eating, swallowing (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions proct/o anus and rectum rect/o rectum, straight sigmoid/o sigmoid colon

Questions

Question The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach is strong enough to dissolve a nail. True or False?

Question How many pounds of force can the jaw muscles provide to bring the back teeth together for chewing? 50 200 500

Question If 80% of the human liver was removed, it could still function and would eventually regenerate to its original size. True or False?

Question The body’s longest internal organ is the small intestine at an average length of about: 20 feet 10 feet 5 feet