Sports Medicine Mrs. Smojver Anatomical terms Sports Medicine Mrs. Smojver

anatomical positions

The Anatomical Position Erect stance, arms at the sides, palms facing forward

Anatomical Planes Frontal (coronal) Sagittal Transverse Vertical plane that separates the body into front and back halves Sagittal Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves (midline is through center of the body) Transverse Horizontal plane that divides the body into the top and bottom halves

Anatomical Planes

Anterior Refers to the front of the body The sternum is anterior to the heart

Posterior Refers to the back of the body The spine in posterior to the lungs

medial lateral Closest to the midline of the body The nose is medial to the ears. Furthest away from the midline of the body The wrist is lateral to the hip.

**ONLY TO BE USED WHEN SPEAKING ABOUT LIMBS** proximal Distal Toward (or closer to) the attachment of a limb (arm/leg) to the trunk (at shoulder or hip) The wrist is proximal to the fingers. Away from (or further from) the attachment of the limb (arm/leg) to the trunk (at shoulder or hip) The ankle is distal to the knee. **ONLY TO BE USED WHEN SPEAKING ABOUT LIMBS**

superior inferior A point or structure that is higher than another on the body The head is superior to the abdomen A point or structure that is lower than another on the body The diaphragm is inferior to the heart.

dorsal ventral The front (or underside) of a structure (hand or foot) Also palmar in hand Plantar in foot Volar in hand and foot The back of a structure (hand or foot)

superficial deep Close to the body’s surface The skin is superficial to the bones. Away from the body’s surface The muscles are deep to the skin.

What am i? I am superior to the mouth but inferior to the eyes. Nose I am the most proximal point on the arm. shoulder I am medial to the arm, inferior to the neck, and superior to the abdomen. Thorax I am the most lateral finger. Thumb I am distal on the arm but superior to the wrist. Forearm

Anatomical Regions

Cephalic Region The head

Thoracic Region The upper spine and chest cavity

Abdominal Region The stomach area from below the ribs to the hips

Pelvic Region The hip

Anatomical Regions

Skeletal references

Skeletal References Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Includes the body (trunk) from head to hips Includes the arms and legs

Anatomical Movements

Flexion & Extension Flexion Extension A bending movement at a joint away from its straightened position Extension Straightening a joint that returns it to its anatomical position

Flexion Plantar Flexion Dorsiflexion Movement at the ankle pointing the foot downward Movement at the ankle brining the toes closer to the shin

Abduction & Adduction Abduction adduction Movement away from the midline of the body adduction Movement toward the midline of the body

Pronation & Supination Turning the palm of the hand downward Supination Turning the palm of the hand upward

What do you believe is the most common sprained ankle? Inversion & Eversion Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward What do you believe is the most common sprained ankle?

Protraction & Retraction Movement of the scapulae away from one another Retraction When the scapulae are moved or pulled together

Rotation & Circumduction The spinning or turning of a bony segment around an axis Circumduction Movement of a limb in a circular patter

Rotation Internal External Rotation towards the midline Rotation away from the midline