Jason E. Kooi1,2 and Steven R. Spangler2

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Presentation transcript:

White-Light and Low Frequency Radio Remote-Sensing of Coronal Mass Ejections Jason E. Kooi1,2 and Steven R. Spangler2 1 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7213 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa Science at Low Frequencies III

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Scientifically interesting Plasma Shocks Magnetic Flux Ropes Plasma Waves How do they initiate? What causes shift to non-equilibrium How are they accelerated after launch Huge role in Space Weather! Satellite Communications Geomagnetic Storms/Aurora Remote-Sensing Near-Sun Insights into CME plasma structure Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

We Study the CME’s Structure with Faraday Rotation (FR) χ0 Dc Polarized radio source Observer Magnetized Plasma (e.g., CME) c : measured position angle c0 : intrinsic polarization angle l : wavelength CFR : FR constant 2.631×10−17 rad G−1 ne : electron density B : magnetic field RM : rotation measure [rad/m2] Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

We Study the CME’s Structure with Faraday Rotation (FR) χ0 Dc Polarized radio source Observer Magnetized Plasma (e.g., CME) c : measured position angle c0 : intrinsic polarization angle l : wavelength CFR : FR constant 2.631×10−17 rad G−1 ne : electron density B : magnetic field RM : rotation measure [rad/m2] Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) 27 dishes 25m in diameter . . . . . . . . . . High sensitivity measurements Observing Frequencies 1 – 2 GHz . . . . Large FR signature B array configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizes effect of the Sun Photo Courtesy of Donald Palansky Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Tracking CME Leading Edges SOHO, Stereo-A, Stereo-B Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Stereo-A, Stereo-B, and SOHO Positions at 18:00 UT on August 2, 2012 http://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov/ Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Separating ne and BLOS Contributions … SOHO, Stereo-A, Stereo-B Optical Thomson scattering ne Radio Faraday rotation BLOS Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Extragalactic Radio Sources Measure χ where polarized intensity, P, is strongest … better SNR 2 1 1.85 GHz reference observations Grayscale in Stokes P Contours: -5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75% of Stokes I Line orientation gives χ FWHM is 4″ Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Extragalactic Radio Sources 2 1 RMcorona ≈ –10.58 ± 0.13 rad/m2 We can subtract a set of reference observations to directly determine RMcorona ≈ –11.03 ± 0.57 rad/m2 Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Coronal Occultation Only 1 2 0846+1459 . . . R0: 11.1 – 11.4R Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Coronal Occultation Only 1 Fit coronal ne = N0 r – 2.36 [cm– 3] 2 Model coronal B = 1.01 r – 2 er [G] 0846+1459 . . . R0: 11.1 – 11.4R Sakurai & Spangler (1994), ApJ, 434, 773 Spangler (2005), SSR, 121, 189 Ingleby et al. (2007), ApJ, 668, 520 Kooi et al. (2014), ApJ, 784, 68 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by a Single CME 0842+1835 . . . R0: 9.6 – 10.6R Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by a Single CME Leading Edge 0842+1835 . . . R0: 9.6 – 10.6R Ncme = 6.9 ± 0.5 x 103 cm– 3 Bcme = 10.4 ± 0.4 mG H = – 1 Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by a Single (jet-like) CME 2 1 0900+1832 . . . R0: 8.0 – 8.6R Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by a Single (jet-like) CME Leading Edge 2 1 0900+1832 . . . R0: 8.0 – 8.6R Ncme = 11.2 ± 0.3 x 103 cm– 3 Bcme = 2.4 ± 0.3 mG H = – 1 Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by two CMEs 2 1 Fit CME-1 to (half of) 0843 data CME-2 Ncme, Bcme, H from 0842 This is why multiple LOS and viewpoints are necessary! (SOHO and STEREO-A) Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Occultation by two CMEs 2 Leading Edge 1 Leading Edge 1 Leading Edge 2 1 0843+1547 . . . R0: 9.9 – 10.5R Ncme = 21.4 ± 0.6 x 103 cm– 3 Bcme = 11.3 ± 0.4 mG H = + 1 Fit Prediction Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III

Future Work and Research Opportunities Submitted to Solar Physics arXiv: 1611.01445 VLA triggered observations of CME FR VLITE observations of ionospheric transients associated with CME– induced geomagnetic storms MHD simulations of CME FR Support for undergrad/graduate students NRC postdoctoral positions open Dec. 9, 2016 Science at Low Frequencies III