Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774 Period 3, Unit 3 (1754-1800) Ch.4 AP U.S. History

Think About It To what extent did the French and Indian War maintain continuity and foster change in the relationship between Great Britain and the 13 Colonies? To what extent did colonial politics, economics, and culture from 1607 to 1754 influence the development of the American independence movement?

Salutary Neglect/Benign Neglect British absenteeism Distance between England and America Political turmoil and relative peace English Civil War (1642-1651) Glorious Revolution (1688) Colonies virtually on their own Developed unique economies based on region Economic growth Colonial GNP was 25 million pounds ($2.25 billion) 1/3 of the Great Britain’s GNP GDP per capita was highest in the world by 1775 Self-government Proud British loyalists High life expectancy and literacy rates

Britain Exerts More Control Navigation Acts strengthened Increased concept of mercantilism Molasses Act (1733) Tax on non-British import of sugar

French and Indian War (1754-1763) England vs. France Washington, Fort Duquense, and Fort Necessity Most Natives allied with French William Pitt Increased British troop activity in America Colonists contributed to effort Albany Plan of Union (1754) Benjamin Franklin Results/Consequences British victory Acquisition of French Canada and land east of Mississippi War debt 72M pounds (1755) 129M pounds (1764) British believed more control necessary Colonial pride

Proclamation of 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) Purpose Extensive Native alliance to deter colonists Purpose Avoid conflicts Colonial Reaction Denial of land

British Prime Ministers Believed colonies should foot the bill for wars and defense Encouraged unrestricted development of colonies Robert Walpole 1721-1742 George Grenville 1763-1765 Charles Townshend Chancellor of Exchequer 1766-1767 Enforced Parliament’s power but defended colonies and desire for representation Supported taxation of the colonies and ran Parliament during Revolution William Pitt 1766-1768 Frederick North 1770-1782

Timeline of Parliamentary Acts Sugar Act of 1764 Revenue tax Quartering Act of 1765 Stamp Act of 1765 First direct tax Declaratory Act of 1766 Parliament’s right to tax whatsoever Townshend Acts of 1767 Pay royal colonial officials Writs of assistance Tea Act of 1773 Support British East India Company “Intolerable Acts” Coercive Acts of 1774 Massachusetts Government Act (increase power of governor) Port Act (Boston closed) Administration of Justice Act (trial of royal officials in G.B. instead of colonies) Quebec Act of 1774 Appointed government; Catholicism recognized; expanded French lands Prohibitory Act of 1775 King declared colonies in open rebellion

Parliamentary Acts The Sugar Act (1764) Purpose Increased regulation of colonial trade Raise revenue for war debt Lowered tax rate Colonial Reaction Colonial merchants and shippers Boycotts Repealed in 1766

Parliamentary Acts Stamp Act (1765) Purpose First direct tax Generate revenue for troops in America Colonial Reaction “No taxation without representation.” - James Otis Stamp Act Congress Sons and Daughters of Liberty Committees of Correspondence

Parliamentary Acts Townshend Acts (1767) Purpose Raise revenue for administration of colonies Glass, tea, paper, lead, paint Colonial Reaction Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - John Dickinson “If they may be legally deprived… of the privilege of legislation, why may they not, with equal reason, be deprived of every other privilege? Or why may not every colony be treated in the same manner, when any of them shall dare to deny their assent to any impositions that shall be directed?” Engraving by Paul Revere, 1768

Boston Massacre (1770)

Parliamentary Acts Tea Act (1773) Purpose Support British East India Company Reaction Boston Tea Party

Parliamentary Acts “Intolerable” Acts (1774) Purpose Punishing the people of Massachusetts; bring dissidents under control Colonial Reaction The image to the right And the rest is for Ch.5; we’ll continue then. Bostonians paying the exciseman Tar and Feathering

The Enlightenment FROM CH.3 Laws of Nature applied to society; respect for humans Rationalism The philosophy of John Locke will be influencing the revolutionary feelings in the colonies