HISTORY - INDIA Your Name ______________________________ Period ______________ Unit 2 – India Lesson 4 – Early History of India

Essential Questions How have invasions changed India, and created a unique culture? What impact did Europe, especially the English, have on India?

Indus River Valley Civilizations Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.) dark skinned people (Dravidians) no written records: artifacts for studying polytheistic: worshipped animals CLOSE TO RIVER Food transportation

Invasions and Integration (mixing) Aryans: fair skin Very racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians To avoid mixing: created “caste system” Told stories (Vedas) - passed down verbally Stories were later written in “Sanskrit” Dravidian Aryan

Aryans (Arrival of Aryans and Aryan Culture, found on p. 173) What were the Aryans like? How did they arrive in India? What did they do once they arrived? What is a Veda? What is Sanskrit? What were the four social classes the Aryans developed? Warlike, lighter skinned, urban, literate Swept in as invaders Overran towns and cities Religious stories – meant to teach morals Written language of India Priests, warriors, landowners and merchants, servants and peasants

Muslim & Mongols (Mughals) Muslim Empire (750 – 1500) lower castes embraced Islam Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of Hinduism Mughal Empire (1200s) Most famous: Shah Jihan Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal (she had died after 14th child) click

Click – History Channel (deconstructs the Taj)

Quick Quiz Describe what the Taj looks like. What IS the Taj Mahal? How many people are IN the Taj today? All white Persian style (onion looking dome, four tall pillars, reflecting pool) A tomb for the wife of a powerful leader (she is Mumtaz Mahal, he is Shah Jihan) A single body, just Mumtaz

European Invasion 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947) 1498 – Portugal 1707 – Dutch East India company French Mississippi Company British East India Company took Western Cities of India – hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian soldiers) 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 2. Britain annexed India Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIA Next 100 yrs – British ruled India forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops Was called the “BRITISH RAJ”

European Interest & Trade with India What did Europe see in India that was valuable? SPICES TEA OPIUM

Indian Assimilation The British built: Schools, hospitals, roads, railroads and forced Indians to grow “Cash Crops” The most educated learned to speak English, and act English The least educated were just left behind… and poor…

Rebellion by Indians Sepoy Rebellion, 1857 Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers British merchants hired them for protection British government started using them as military Sepoys rebelled The guns were loaded with cartridges Cartridges were coated with animal fat Indians didn’t want to bite into animals

English Annexation of India (Start of the “British Raj”) 1858-1947 Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as their main military in India British government annexed India Goal: greater control This ended Indian independence Indians would now be treated as slaves Queen Victoria Empress Victoria