D.S. Ariyarathne, B.K.K.K. Jinadasa, S.B.N. Ahmad, Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus) as a Food Source D.S. Ariyarathne, B.K.K.K. Jinadasa, S.B.N. Ahmad, J.H.K.N. Jayawardena and I. Wickramasinghe ,M.R Perera Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka . Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Results and Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgements Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source overview Introduction Objectives Materials and methods Results and Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgements Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Introduction Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka

Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Introduction Inland fish production makes a significant contribution to the livelihood of rural population in Sri Lanka.(Total fish production 486,170 Mt Inland and Aquaculture 68,950 Mt-2012 /MFARD) Fish species called as Orinoco Sailfin Catfish  (Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus) has been invaded natural freshwater ecosystems. Local distribution - Ragama lake, Polgolla reservoir, Kala wewa and Madampe lake (Epa and De Silva, 2013). Negative impacts Decrease fishing efficiency. Displace native fish species. Hazard to predaceous birds. Males excavate tunnels along banks. Consuming as a food - Brazil, Colombia and other countries (Palacios et al., 2010) 68 950 Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Objectives Main Objective - Specific Objectives - Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Objectives Main Objective - To evaluate the importance of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish as a food source. Specific Objectives - To determine the flesh yield To determine the proximate composition To determine the fatty acid profile To analyze the trace metal accumulation To evaluate the consumer preference Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Materials and Method Introduction Institute of Post Harvest Technology Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Materials and Method Introduction Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka

Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Materials Freshly caught Orinoco Sailfin Catfish (OSC) / (Tank cleaner –local name ) and Thilapia fish collected from fresh water reservoir in Ampara district on 05th October 2013 were transported with ice to the fish processing unit in IPHT / NARA Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Methodology Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Tilapia Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Tilapia Collection of fish: Ampara district Fillets Flesh yield Fillets Flesh yield Proximate analysis Trace metal analysis (AAS method) Preparation of salted dried fish Preparation of salted dried fish Moisture (AOAC 925.10) Sensory evaluation Sensory evaluation Protein (AOAC 981.10) Fat (AOAC 983.23) Fatty acid analysis (AOAC 969.33) Ash (AOAC 923.03) Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Determination of flesh yield Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Determination of flesh yield Fish (300-600 g) Weighing of whole weight De-heading, gutting & skinning off Selected OSC fish samples Separation of fillets & mince Weighing of total flesh Selected tilapia samples Calculation Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Preparation of salted dried fish Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Preparation of salted dried fish Thilapia Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Fish Washing & Filleting Thilapia Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Salting (fish : salt /4:1 ratio) Salting Sun drying 12 hours Removing excess salt Sun drying Salted dried OSC 4 days Salted dried Thilapia Packing Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Sampling & sample analysis Sample type Sample size Flesh yield 10 Number of fishes (weight range -300-600 g ) Proximate composition 20 samples for each parameter Fatty acid analysis 05 samples Trace metal analysis 24 Number of fishes Sensory evaluation 28 numbers of untrained panel Statistical analysis were carried out using Minitab – Kruskal-Wallis test Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Result and discussion Introduction Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Result and discussion Introduction Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka

Source for Thilapia: Chaijan, 2011 Evaluation of Importance of Orinoco OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Proximate composition for the flesh of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish & Thilapia Number of samples = 20 Moisture & Protein% Fat & Ash% Source for Thilapia: Chaijan, 2011 Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Determination of flesh yield Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Determination of flesh yield Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Thilapia Number of fish = 10 Weight range = 300–600g Flesh yield of OSC= 31 ± 2.98% Flesh yield of Thilapia = 42 ± 4.47% Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Fatty acid profile Number of samples = 5 SFA : 44% (Tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitic and stearic) MUFA : 22% (Palmitoleic, oleic, vacceneic and eruceic) PUFA : 34% (Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic) SFA/UFA ratio : 1/1.3 MUFA/PUFA ratio : 1/1.5 Omega 3 : 20% (Linolenic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic (DHA)) Omega 6 : 14% (Linoleic and arachidonic) ω-6/ω-3 ratio : 1/1.4 - Beneficial to health (Simopoulos, 2002). DHA – 13% (Orinoco Sailfin Catfish), DHA – 2% (Tilapia) (Ugoala et al., 2008). Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Trace metal analysis Trace metal Content (μg/kg) SL standard level (μg/kg) (GOVSL, 2007) Cd 5.6 ± 4.4 50 Pb 42.0 ± 25.0 200 Hg 48.0 ±124.0 500 Total fish = 24 Number of males = 15 Number of females = 9 Weight range = 400-900g Variation of Cadmium content with sex group Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Sensory evaluation results Mean separation value = 38.22 Significant difference: Difference of A.R > Mean separation No significant difference: Difference of A.R < Mean separation a b a - Highest average rank – Sample 438 (Salted dried Orinoco Sailfin Catfish) b - Lowest average rank – Sample 482 (Boiled Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Differences of average ranks Sample name code 428 435 465 482 468 438 Boiled tilapia - 30.2 29.3 10.1 20.3 33.5 Fried tilapia 0.9 40.3 9.9 3.3 Salted dried tilapia 39.4 9.0 4.2 Boiled OSC 30.4 43.6 Fried OSC 13.2 Salted dried OSC Pair wise significantly different Samples Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Conclusion Maximum Flesh yield of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish was about 31%. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish were about 81%, 18%, 0.58% and 1.12%, respectively. Fish oils of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish were beneficial for human health according to the high content of PUFA and specially, DHA. The safety of Orinoco Sailfin Catfish as a food source in satisfactory level according to the lower contents of Cd, Pb and Hg than the Sri Lankan standard levels in fish for export. Salted dried Orinoco Sailfin Catfish fillets had the highest consumer preference according to the sensory evaluation. Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC(P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source References Chaijan M. (2011). Physicochemical changes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) muscle during salting. Food Chemistry, Pp. 1201-1210. Epa U.P.K., and De Silva T.W.J.T. (2013). Identification of invasive alien sailfin catfish in Sri Lanka based on morphological characteristics. University of Kelaniya. Palacios C.M., Valdez C.A., Scott P., and Ross L. (2010). Tentative solutions to an alien species invasion from aquarium aquaculture. University of stirling. Simopoulos A.P. (2002). The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed Pharmacother, Pp. 365-379. Ugoala, Chukwuemeka, Ndukwe and Audu. (2008). Comparison of Fatty Acids Profile of Some Freshwater and Marine Fishes. Internet Journal of Food Safety, Pp. 9-17. GOVSL. (2007, December 17). Maximum limits for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) in fish and fishery (No: 1528/7). The gazette of the democratic socialist republic of Sri Lanka. Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC(P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source Acknowledgments I would like to thank IIFET and UNU FTP for selecting my abstract and funded me to participate and present this conference. And my sincere gratitude goes to all who helped me in successful completion of the project, specially, Dr. Indira Wickramasinghe Mr. Kolitha Jinadasa Mrs. Shakeela Ahamad ,Mr. J.kosala , Mr. Ruchitha ,Mr. Thissa and all other staff members of NARA . Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .

Evaluation of Importance of OSC (P. multiradiatus) as a Food Source THANK YOU Institute of Post Harvest Technology National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA). Sri Lanka .