Station 7:Atoms Elements Molecules Compounds

ATOM An atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.

Atoms Atoms are basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects.

Atoms Atoms have three parts. They are Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

Electrons Electrons orbit around an atom. In this picture, they are the small yellow bits. They have a negative charge. They are lighter than protons or neutrons. The number of protons=number of electrons in a neutral atom

Electron Energy Levels

Valence Electrons Are the electrons in the last shell or energy level of an atom. They do show a repeating or periodic pattern. The valence electrons increase in number as you go across a period. Elements in the same column on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

Protons They are positively charged. Are located in the nucleus. Atomic Number=Number of protons In this picture, the protons are the blue pieces in the center of the atom.

Neutrons Neutrons are neither positive nor negative. Neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic mass – number of protons = number of neutrons In this picture, neutrons are the purple pieces in the center of the atom.

Subatomic Particles (Table 2.1) mass p = mass n = 1840 x mass e- 2.2

Ions Loss or gain of an electron makes an atom into an ion. Losing an electron makes a positive ion Loss or gain of an electron makes an atom into an ion. - + Gaining an electron makes a negative ion -

Isotopes Atoms that gain or lose a neutron become isotopes. Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging (such as PET scanners).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnXV7Ph3WPk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3YR8e_iHlk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-iPPwDAk1Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Le9a8C0Pk2c

Elements

What is a Pure Substance? A pure substance is a classification of matter that includes both elements and compounds Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation, filtration, or chromatography

Elements An element is a substance made up of only one kind of atom. Elements make up all substances on the earth.

Elements Located on the periodic table Each has its own Atomic Number. Divided into Metal, Non-Metal, and Metalloid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDiWtFtEM

Molecules

Molecules Are made up of atoms bonded together. The structure of an individual atom determines: Whether the atom can form bonds. How many other atoms it can bond to.

Molecules A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that exists alone. This is a picture of a water molecule. It is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.                   

Molecules Molecule: The smallest identifiable unit that retains the physical and chemical properties of the pure substances. NaCl, salt Ethanol, C2H6O To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode. Buckyball, C60

Diatomic Molecules Are molecules that contain two atoms of the same element. Elements found is nature as diatomic are, H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2,Br2and I2.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H57ZUlBQXGM Compounds

Compounds A compound is two or more elements combined together. This is a picture of a salt compound.

Compounds Is a combination of 2 or more elements in definite ratios by mass. The character of each element is lost when forming a compound (e.g., think of NaCl).

Compounds A compound is a substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element bonded together. Compounds often have properties that are different from the elements that make them up. Examples: Water, salt, sugar

Compounds Have Formulas H20 is the chemical formula for water, and H2O2 is the formula for hydrogen peroxide. The formula tells you which elements make up a compound as well as how many atoms of each element are present.

How to read a formula H20 This is a subscript. It tells us how many atoms of that element exist in one unit of that compound. Hydrogen is made of 2 H atoms and 1 O atom. No subscript is used when only one atom of an element is present.