Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism TMT tourism resume. How many students have worked in the tourism/hospitality industry? - Class discussion Who is majoring in Tourism/Resort Management? What do you want to get out of this course? Fill out index cards.

Services and Tourism Service and Tourism go hand in hand Growth rate of services sector faster than any other Tourism is the leader in the production of new jobs Tourism has developed an important part of the economic foundation of many countries Components of Tourism; transportation, accommodations, food and beverage, attractions, entertainment, activities, and management of all of these. Tourism related businesses are the leading producers of new jobs worldwide. Tourism in Kenya is the leading producer of foreign currency; followed by coffee and tea. Safaris and Indian Ocean beach vacations. Tourism has proven to offset economic declines; seldom goes into a deep recessionary decline-people have to have their vacation activities.

What is Tourism? “Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs” Class discussion; how would you define tourism? See Fig 1.1 Elephant. People taking trips away from home (business and/or pleasure) and the industry which has developed to serve them.

A Tourism Model Dynamic and interrelated nature of tourism The traveling public (tourists) are the focal point (heart) of the model Tourism promoters link the traveling public with the suppliers of services Tourism suppliers provide the services that tourists need when they travel External forces affect all participants in tourism; tourists, promoters and suppliers Figure 1.2 O/H. External factors Service suppliers Promoters Travelers All inter-related Vail cut back re Iraq. Gulf war 9/11 impact on Tourism Problems in Israel Economy Promoters provide information and other services; Suppliers provide services. Cooperate and compete. External Environment sets the Tourism agenda/atmosphere. Don’t operate in a vacuum. Internet having a profound effect on the model. Traveler much more knowledgeable!

The History of Tourism Early travelers migrated for food and hunting Phoenicians, Olmecs, early Chinese traveled for trade and military control The Empire Era Affluent population with time and money to travel Safe and easy travel Widely accepted currencies Widely used languages Legal system which protects personal safety Table 1-1 O/H Seasonal for survival. Curiosity Egyptians; seasonal celebrations Trade routes; Shang Dynasty, Phoenicians Empire Era; Egypt, Greece, Roman Empire. 4850 BC-300AD. Nile river. Greek city-states, acceptable currency, common language. Roman Empire-good roads (50,000 miles), inns 30 miles, common currency, language,

The History of Tourism, continued The Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries) and the Renaissance Era (14th to 16th centuries) Transportation and safety declined Less acceptance of currencies and less knowledge of common languages Some travel by crusaders to Holy Land Marco Polo’s historic travels in the late 13th century Increased interest in travel for commerce and pleasure Middle Ages; 500-1400AD travel almost disappeared! Roman Empire replaced with feudal system. Fragmentation of roads, currencies and languages. - 9 Crusades; 1096-1291; attempts to take the Holy Land from the Muslims. All failed. Instilled a desire for travel Marco Polo (1275-1295); Middle East and China. Renaissance Era; Merchant travel, more geographic control, trade routes developed,

The History of Tourism, continued The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D.) Trend of luxurious travel started by wealthy English Developed as a status symbol and spread throughout Europe Goal was to experience the “civilized world” and study the arts and sciences These travels often lasted for several years Growth in travel for business reasons Started by British and spreads thru Western Europe. Favorite countries were Switzerland, France, Italy and Germany. Industrial Revolution 1750 - Moved from agriculture to industrial commerce. - More efficient forms of transportation. - Integration of markets across geographic and international boundaries. - Higher personal incomes. - Travel became a business necessity. - Days of extended travel faded away.

The History of Tourism, continued The Mobility Era (1800-1944) Growing economic prosperity Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads, railroads, steamships) Thomas Cook developed tour packages for mass travel Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to travel Advent of leisure time. Availability of affordable travel. Get away from jobs. New forms of transportation; roads, trains, ships. Thomas Cook in 1841 organized the first tour group; 570 to attend a temperance rally in Leicester, England. Wilbur and Orville Wright’s first flight in 1903. Henry Ford’s Model T in 1914

The History of Tourism, continued The Modern Era (1945 to present) Paid vacations introduced in the early 1900’s made leisure travel possible for working and middle classes Millions of people were introduced to international travel during World War II Postwar prosperity made mass ownerships of automobiles possible Advent of jet travel shortened travel time Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of tourism Development of mass tourism George Westinghouse created the first paid vacation in ??? World War II; 17 million US and Canadian citizens exposed to many different cultures. Wanted to share with family and friends. Lifting of gas rationing caused a large increase in car demand. Prosperity returned to industrialized countries.. Diner’s Club card in 1950. Credit around the world; reduced the hassle of foreign currency. Jet travel in the 1950’s Mass Tourism; - Group Tours; packaged tours with planned itinerary. - Individual mass travelers; popular attractions and Tourism services marketed thru mass media.

Bringing Tourism into Focus Typical reasons for travel Holiday and leisure trips Visits to friends and relatives Business and professional trips Host community affected by tourism Can study tourism from a variety of perspectives, positive and negative impacts Technology having unprecedented affect on tourism industry Figure 1.4-O/H Continued growth of international tourism may well be the world’s peace industry. We still have the sense of curiosity and adventure. Geography, business management, anthropology, sociology, economics and psychology. See list of questions on page 15. The Internet is changing the way tourism services are sold. And automation/technology is being adapted for new uses. Tourism flourishes when: - Individuals have time and money to travel. - Travel is easy safe and inexpensive - Currencies are easily exchangeable - Common languages are spoken - Legal systems create personal safety

Geography Describes the Traveler’s World Physical geography- study of natural features of region Human geography- study of a region’s cultures and peoples Regional geography-combination of physical and human geography Helps answer why people desire to travel to different places. Physical geography creates an environment that can either encourage or discourage tourism activities. - Mountains for skiing. - Beaches for sun and surf - Changes with the seasons - Accessibility Human geography; the culture of dress, language, food, arts, crafts can enhance the tourism experience. - Economics and politics can play an important in tourism; European Common Union. Regional geography; physical and human geography come together. - Large population centers with good transportation systems create high levels of tourism. - Climate, time of year and proximity to large bodies of water. - Regions can play an important part; Rocky Mts., wine regions, Riviera.

Tourism’s Challenges and Opportunities Encourage growth of tourism as it creates jobs and brings money into the community or country. It also serves an important need for the consumer. May change social structure Unplanned tourism can lead to excessive demands of transportation, public services and degrade the environment. How to avoid environmental problems? What will be the impact from technology? As we move toward a world economy will tourism increase? Will tourism have positive effects on the culture of communities and countries?

Where do you fit in? Projected to remain the world’s largest industry. Travel and tourism sales will grow at a rate of 4.1% a year through the year 2020. See Table 1.3 Sean example.