Materials Engineering

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Presentation transcript:

Materials Engineering Lecture 6: Phase diagrams 2.

Phase composition change on cooling

Eutectic Binary Diagram While “moving” downwards along composition M, the solid

Binary Eutectic Systems (Cu-Ag) a-phase: FCC Ag + Cu solute; b-phase: FCC Cu + Ag solute; Solvus line: solid solubility limit; Eutectic (Eu): the composition having the lowest melting point. Eutectic reaction:

Invariant points in Phase Diagrams Points, for which even a slight change of composition of temperature in any direction causes a phase change, are referred to as invariant points. Invariant points are: Eutectic: on solidus, having the lowest melting temperature; Eutectoid: between two solid states; Peritectic: binary liquid “splits” into two different solid phases.

Phase Diagram with Intermediates: Pb-Mg To simplify the diagram, it can be cut into two separate diagrams along the vertical line of Mg2Pb. Then two eutectic systems are shown. The analysis is then much simpler.

Iron-Carbon Phase diagram 6.67 wt% of C = Fe3C (cementite). All practical iron alloys have < 6.67 wt% of C. Compositions richer in carbon are just solutions of cementite (mp = 1840ºC) in solid graphite (mp = 3650ºC)

Ternary phase diagram: Chromium-Nickel steel

Equilibrium cooling: Ni-Cu

Non-equilibrium cooling: Ni-Cu

Microstructure development: Pb-Sn alloy, equilibrium cooling

Microstructures of Pb-Sn alloys 20 wt% Sn 50 wt% Sn 62 wt% Sn 80 wt% Sn

Musts of this lecture Invariant points: eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic; Ternary diagrams; Equilibrium and non-equilibrium cooling. Development of Microstructure