Materials Engineering Lecture 6: Phase diagrams 2.
Phase composition change on cooling
Eutectic Binary Diagram While “moving” downwards along composition M, the solid
Binary Eutectic Systems (Cu-Ag) a-phase: FCC Ag + Cu solute; b-phase: FCC Cu + Ag solute; Solvus line: solid solubility limit; Eutectic (Eu): the composition having the lowest melting point. Eutectic reaction:
Invariant points in Phase Diagrams Points, for which even a slight change of composition of temperature in any direction causes a phase change, are referred to as invariant points. Invariant points are: Eutectic: on solidus, having the lowest melting temperature; Eutectoid: between two solid states; Peritectic: binary liquid “splits” into two different solid phases.
Phase Diagram with Intermediates: Pb-Mg To simplify the diagram, it can be cut into two separate diagrams along the vertical line of Mg2Pb. Then two eutectic systems are shown. The analysis is then much simpler.
Iron-Carbon Phase diagram 6.67 wt% of C = Fe3C (cementite). All practical iron alloys have < 6.67 wt% of C. Compositions richer in carbon are just solutions of cementite (mp = 1840ºC) in solid graphite (mp = 3650ºC)
Ternary phase diagram: Chromium-Nickel steel
Equilibrium cooling: Ni-Cu
Non-equilibrium cooling: Ni-Cu
Microstructure development: Pb-Sn alloy, equilibrium cooling
Microstructures of Pb-Sn alloys 20 wt% Sn 50 wt% Sn 62 wt% Sn 80 wt% Sn
Musts of this lecture Invariant points: eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic; Ternary diagrams; Equilibrium and non-equilibrium cooling. Development of Microstructure