Colonizing North America Chapter 3 Sect. 3 Notes Colonizing North America

Search for a Northwest Passage A. European Nations were in search of a shorter waterway or northwest passage that would allow them to go through or around the Americas much faster. B. Giovanni (Jon) Cabot believed he had found this route, it was later discovered that he had found an island off the coast of Canada. c. Italian Captain Giovanni da Verrazano traveled from the Carolinas to Canada. D. Jacques Cartier traveled up the St. Lawrence for the French

Northwest Passage Giovanni de Verrazano Jon Cabot St. Lawrence River

E. The Dutch sent Henry Hudson, he sailed into present day E. The Dutch sent Henry Hudson, he sailed into present day New York Harbor and went up the river fifty miles. The river is now named after him. 1. Hudson, his son and seven loyal men left in a small boat for shore and where never seen again. F. No explorer ever found a fast route to Asia, but they did discover riches in this new land called North America. II. Rivalries Among European Nations A. Religious beliefs begin to separate European Nations. B. The Catholic Church was split in 1517 due to a German Monk named Martin Luther. C. Luther and his followers became known as Protestants. D. This movement became known as the Protestant Reformation.

Henry Hudson – No known picture to exist of him Hudson River NH NY MA CT PA NJ Hudson River Jersey City 1890 Martin Luther

III. New France A. Port Royal was the first permanent French settlement in North America 1. Port Royal was founded by Samuel de Champlain B. The French relied on fishing, trapping, and trading for money instead of gold or silver. C. This group of people became know as coureurs de bois or runners of the woods. D. They create good relations with the Native Americans. 1. trading for skins and other furs. 2. they did not destroy Indian lands by building farms. E. Missionaries helped to teach the natives about Christianity.

Samuel de Champlain He was the founder of Port Royal

F. Led by Indian guides they began to travel farther west 1. They were told that there was a great river. (Mississippi) 2. They turned back after 700 miles and never found it. G. Robert de la Salle followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the land in honor of French King, Louis XIV 1. This land was called Louisiana. 2. They build forts in the Great Lakes area to keep Spain and England out of their land. H. Africans were imported to work in the near plantations IV. New Netherlands A. The Dutch also capitalized on the profits made in America.

Robert de La Salle Founder of Louisiana

1. Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan Island from the 1. Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians and called it New Amsterdam 2. More Dutch communities began spreading along the Hudson River. a. This became known as New York 3. Fort Orange became a trading post due the Dutch’s good business sense. B. Rivalry breaks out between the Dutch and French 1. Fur trading became the source of this rivalry. 2.Both countries became allies with the Indians

Peter Minuit Purchased New Amsterdam Later becomes New York Fort Orange

C. Indians became endangered by disease 1. European diseases kill thousands of Indians 2. Over trapping and killing Indians way of life 3. Conflicts lead to war that would last for years.

Building the Jamestown Colony Chapter 3 Sect. 4 Notes Building the Jamestown Colony

The First English Colony A. Seeking riches, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh. 1. in 1585, 100 men set up a colony on Roanoke, an island off the coast of North Carolina. 2. Roanoke fails, colonist search for gold, run out of food, quarrel with Indians, abandon colony B. Roanoke Colony fails again 1. 1587, Raleigh sends John White back to Roanoke 2. when supplies run low, White returns to England leaving behind 117 settlers 3. he did not return for 3 years because England was preparing for war with Spain

Sir Walter Raleigh John Smith Queen Elizabeth I

4. Colony completely deserted; however he did find the 4. Colony completely deserted; however he did find the word “Croatoan” (a nearby island) carved into a tree Challenge and Survival A. Setting up Jamestown 1. King James I grants the Virginia Company a charter in 1606 for the land between North Carolina and the Potomac River. 2. charter called the land Virginia and guarantees the colonist the same rights as English citizens 3. in spring of 1607, Jamestown is settled by 105 colonist, mostly men B. Early Problems 1. Geography – located in a swampy area

2. Government – 13 men form council, but they quarrel & 2. Government – 13 men form council, but they quarrel & do not plan for future 3. Starvation – instead of growing food, the colonist spent their time looking for gold C. Recovery 1. John Smith helped save the colony 2. Smith sets up strict laws: if you do not work, you do not eat 3. worked with Indian chief named Powhatan to get a supply of corn 4. quarrels occurred with Indians when supplies of corn ran low 5. uneasy peace restored when John Rolfe, a colonist married Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas

6. After Smith returned to England in 1609, the colonists 6. After Smith returned to England in 1609, the colonists returned to their old ways and were once again starving D. A Profitable Crop 1. in 1612, colonist began growing tobacco 2. by 1620, Virginia exported 30,000 pounds of tobacco a year Representative Government A. Reforms of 1619 1. male settlers elected burgesses who would meet with the governor and his council 2. was called the House of Burgesses 3. the first representative government in the English colonies

4. settlers should have a say in the affairs of the colony B. English Traditions 1. Magna Carta – signed by King John in 1215, the king could not raise taxes without the nobles permission 2. Parliament – House of Lords, made of nobles, and the elected House of Commons 3. even monarchs had to obey the law New Arrivals A. Women 1. Very few women in Jamestown until 1619, when the Virginia company sent 100 women to help “settle” the colony 2. by 1624, there were fewer than 300 women in Jamestown

B. Africans 1. in 1619, there were 15 black men and 17 black women living in Jamestown 2. by 1624, 300 Africans lived there; some were slaves, some were servants, and some were free planters who could vote 3. by the late 1600s, Virginia had set up a system of laws allowing white colonist to enslave Africans; and by the 1700s, free Africans could no longer vote

Seeking Religious Freedom Chapter 3 Sect. 5 Notes Seeking Religious Freedom

European States and Religion A. In the 1500s, Christians were divided into Protestants and Catholics, they often fought each other B. To keep stability in countries, European rules supported one particular religion which was called the established church C. People who did not follow the established church were persecuted D. Separatists Seek Religious Freedom 1. Group of Protestants in England who wanted to remain separate from the Church of England 2. Persecuted by the English

3. Made a colony in the Netherlands, but returned to 3. Made a colony in the Netherlands, but returned to England fearing their children were becoming more Dutch than English The Pilgrim Colony at Plymouth A. Separatists in England get a charter to start a colony in Virginia 1. 100 men, women, and children sail on the Mayflower in September 1620 2. Arrive in November 1620 on Cape Cod, present day Massachusetts B. The Mayflower Compact 1. Before going ashore, the Pilgrims create a framework for governing their colony

2. On November 11, 1620, 41 men signed the Mayflower 2. On November 11, 1620, 41 men signed the Mayflower Compact promising to make and abide by laws that insured “the general good of the Colony” 3. Strengthens the tradition of governing through elected representatives, like the House of Burgesses C. Tradition of Religious Freedom 1. Even though many came to the New World for religious freedom, many still believed that only their religion was the right one 2. Pilgrims created a precedent or example for other groups Early Hardships A. First Winter in Plymouth 1. Because they arrived so late in the year, the pilgrims

were not able to grow any crops; they found corn in an were not able to grow any crops; they found corn in an abandoned Indian village 2. Due to harsh winter conditions, half the settlers died of disease or starvation, including the colony’s first governor 3. Despite this, the Pilgrims’ religious faith remained strong, they believed that it was god’s will for them to remain in Plymouth B. Help from Native Americans 1. The following Spring, the Pilgrims cleared land and planted crops 2. Got help from a Pemaquid Indian named Samoset and Squanto, a Wampanoag 3. Planted corn, beans, and pumpkins

4. In the fall they celebrated a good harvest at the first 4. In the fall they celebrated a good harvest at the first Thanksgiving