IPM (Integrated Pest Management) By: Jerrica Li

What is IPM? Common sense pest control Is an effective but also an environmentally friendly approach on managing pests You need to understand the specific needs of the pests to put IPM into action

The 6 steps of IPM 1.) INSPECT & INVESTIGATE (the detective stage) -gather clues(interviewing people) -inspect the buildings and grounds to know the problem that needs to be fixed -results from the inspection should be written down as in what specific evidence that they found in each room 2.) IDENTIFY & LEARN -identify what pest you are going against -educate your knowledge on the pest by reading about its life-cycle, food sources, habitats, special skills, and usual enemies

(continued...) 6 Steps of IPM 3.) MONITOR -inspecting of areas where pests are occurring an where they might occur Monitoring traps tells us: -if the population of the pest is decreasing or going up -if the make-up of the population is changing -what direction are they traveling in 4.) CHOOSE CONTROL METHODS -info gathered in previous steps helps choose the best control methods for the situation Types of control methods: habitat modification, physical, biological control, and pesticides

(continued...) 6 Steps of IPM 5.) EVALUATE -allows you to improve and adjust the program -provides an chance for the participants in the IPM program to look at the monitoring records and check if the program is using the right solutions in fixing the pest problems Questions to be asked: -were the actions we took necessary? -did we solve the problems from the actions and treatments we used? -could we have done it better next time? - Better info to aid us in pest management decisions in the future? 6.) EDUCATE -helps people be more aware of how they throw out their trash and store food ( is a key part to productively managing pests)

Why IPM? It’s an environmentally friendly way of solving pest issues Pesticide use might contaminate the food you eat, the water you drink, and you yourself IPM pesticide’s have the lowest amount of toxic in it

The 6 tactics of IPM 1.) SANITATION 2.) Physical - Frequent and careful cleaning to eliminate the food pests eat Ex. Wiping down countertops with Lysol wipes and cleaning the places that you use to wash and clean things can help control pests. 2.) Physical - Involves mechanical/non-chemical ways of eliminating pests or preventing them to enter a certain area Ex. You can use traps or barriers to capture pests. 3.) Biological Control - Relies on natural enemies of the pest Ex. A toad can eat 3,000 grubs, slugs, or beetles every month.

(continued...) 6 tactics of IPM 4.) Pesticides - Help eliminate existing pests (habitat modification) Ex. You can use insecticides(type of pesticides) to kill spiders and fleas. 5.) Cultural - reduces the conditions that the pest needs to live Ex. crop rotation, pruning, varying planting dates, and good sanitation 6.) Chemical - involves the use of naturally resulting or made pesticides. IPM programs choose the least toxic, most specific pesticide and aim them at where the pests are living. Ex.

Emerald Ash Borer It’s non-native to PA -came from Asia Agrilus planipennis

Pest Characteristics/traits (adults) Very small, metallic-like green beetles Up to 3/8 - ½ inches long and 1/16 inches wide Creates a D shaped hole as it chews its self out beneath the bark of ash trees (late May through mid-July) Never wonders more than one mile away from where it exited a tree, to search for a mate Female lays 60-90 eggs in a crack of an ash tree bark Life span: 3-6 weeks

Life History Egg: very small (1mm), - mother leaves them in a black crack, - larvae hatch from egg and immediately chew their way into the tree Larva(immature stage of EAB): white& slightly flattened,1.5 inch in length (full grown) -Wind back and forth as they feed creating galleries (S-shaped patterns) -Feed under bark for 1 or 2 years and can survive in green wood Adult: 3/8 – ½ in. long & 1/16 inch wide & very small - Live a total of 3 to weeks - Emerges and creates a D shaped hole as it chews its self out beneath the bark of ash trees (late May through mid-July)

Life Cycle of EAB END START

EAB in PA & Techniques used to Control the pest First emerald ash borer infestation in PA was detected in Cranberry Township, Butler County in June 2007 EAB has almost killed more than 4o million ash trees PA and other states Purple panel sticky trap 12 of PA’s cities are now under quarantine Result: a state forced quarantine has been declared restricting the movement of all ash stock, green lumber, and other ash material (including logs, branches, wood chips, and firewood).