Mrs. Svenson’s Test Review Imperialism in China & India  

What caused the new imperialism? Political Causes: Nationalism!! (also an effect of imperialism) Increased power and security for the empire Bases for trade and navy ships

What caused the new imperialism? Economic Causes: Need for natural resources*** Need for new markets to sell products Place for growing population to settle Place to invest profits

What caused the new imperialism? Science & Invention Causes: New weapons New medicines Improved ships

What caused the new imperialism? Social Causes: Wish to spread Christianity Wish to share Western civilization Belief that Western ways are the best

What caused the new imperialism? Social Causes: “White Man’s Burden” :  Europeans have the responsibility to better the lives of the “uncivilized". This idea was used to justify imperialism. Social Darwinism: “Survival of the fittest.”  Stronger nations have the right to control weaker groups of people.

What enabled Western Europe to dominate large parts of Asia in the 19th -20th centuries? European nations were technologically and militarily much more advanced!

What are some of the positive effects of the new imperialism? New technology brought to imperialized nations. (Railroads, roads, bridges, irrigation, communication, etc.) Better health, sanitation and education Spread of Christianity

What are some of the negative effects of the new imperialism? Native culture undermined; racism Took wealth and resources away from colonies; cash crops People exploited; best jobs went to Western citizens, not natives. Native industries destroyed by factory-made products from West.

CHINA

How did China’s ethnocentrism and its desire to isolate itself from the West lead to the Opium War? China is geographically isolated (mountains, deserts, ocean) so it became an advanced, unique culture that was very ethnocentric. China resented Western ways and isolated herself for over 300 years, limiting trade with the West. Great Britain had a trade imbalance with China, and so began to sell opium to the Chinese. This addiction had a devastating effect on the Chinese population, and war was declared because Britain refused to stop the trade.

What was the outcome of the Opium War? Great Britain had superior military technology, so they won. They forced China to sign the unequal Treaty of Nanjing.   China was divided into spheres of influence - areas in which outside powers claimed exclusive trading privileges.

How was China now seen by the rest of the world? The rest of the world now saw that China was weak. China was no longer strong enough to defend itself against Western demands for trading rights. (Same problem that Japan had when U.S. Commodore Perry demanded trading rights)

What was the cause and the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion in China? Nationalist Movement! Many Chinese who resented special privileges granted to foreigners and Christians assaulted foreign communities. A multi-national force defeated the Boxers.

INDIA

What were the causes of the Sepoy Mutiny (Rebellion) in India Indians resented racism and Christian conversions. Rumors that rifle cartridges were lined with animal fat (Hindus no beef, Muslims no pork) The Indians revolted and were then crushed by the British.

How is the Sepoy Mutiny in India similar to the Boxer Rebellion in China? Both nationalist movements. They were both rebelling against foreign influences in their countries. They were both unsuccessful and led to even greater foreign presence and trade in their countries.

What was their common goal? What 2 Indian nationalist groups formed as a result of British imperialism? The Indian National Congress (INC) (Mostly Hindu) The Muslim League What was their common goal? INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN!

Describe Mohandas Gandhi’s philosophy of satyagraha. Nonviolent civil disobedience. Active refusal to obey unjust laws. Refusal to cooperate with the British government. The “force of truth.”

Why was Gandhi’s call for the boycott of British-made products and the homespun movement an effective action in India’s independence movement? These actions were effective because India was a huge market for Britain’s manufactured goods. Boycotts (refusal to buy products) made them lose money.

What was the reason for the Salt March and how did it bring attention to the injustices of British colonialism? The Salt March was to protest the British tax on salt. They walked 240 miles to the sea to make their own salt. 60,000 were arrested. Later, there was a march on the salt plant when police brutally attacked the peaceful demonstrators. Through newspaper stories of the event, Gandhi’s independence movement got worldwide support.

What did Gandhi do for the women and untouchables of India? He rejected the caste system and traditional Indian values by fighting for the rights of women and untouchables. He asked, “How can we expect the British to treat us as equals if we don’t do the same for our own people?”

How did the idea of self-determination influence Indian nationalists? The Indians wanted to be free of foreign rule and to determine their own form of government. Muslim leaders also wanted their own state and government.

Why was India partitioned? Religious differences between Hindus and Muslims led to the division of India into 2 separate countries with 2 different governments.. What problems did India encounter with independence? There have been disputes over territories, conflicts over religion and civil unrest since independence.

What separate countries emerged as a result What separate countries emerged as a result?  How did Gandhi feel about the partition? India (Hindu) and East & West Pakistan (Muslim) Gandhi was devastated by the partition. He believed that independence from Britain was essential, but should not divide the Indian people.

What aspect of Indian political organization shows the influence of the British colonial period? India adopted a constitutional parliamentary government modeled after the British government. It is the largest democracy in the world today.

Don’t make me get violent with you….. STUDY FOR YOUR TEST!! Don’t make me get violent with you…..