A bit of Computer History CMPT 165 A bit of Computer History

ENIAC (1946) One of the first general-purpose Electronic computers In one second, could do about 357 multiplications of two 10-digit numbers (In contrast, in one second my desktop computer can generate and multiply 3.8 million pairs of 10-digit numbers, so about 8000 times faster than ENIAC) Programs were entered by plugging wires

Univac TV Commercial (1954) Electronic digital computers became quite popular. Much faster and more accurate than people for many tedious calculation tasks (like calculating pay cheques)

Brief History of the Internet USA was interested in a computer network that could survive a nuclear war De-centralization In the 1960s, the idea of packet switching was developed A message sent between computers is divided into smaller chunks called packets Each packet is “routed” on its own to its destination The Internet is a packet-switched network 1969: ARPANET was created, a pre-cursor to the modern internet By 1980 it had a few hundred “nodes” A number of other networks were also created in the 1960s-80s, that were eventually replaced by the Internet 1st ARPANET Router By Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park, USA - derived from File:ARPANET first router.jpg (mildened persective, levels, rebuilt low-right corner), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24557331

Brief History of the Internet TCP/IP developed in 1973 This is the basic “protocol”, i.e. way of formatting data, the Internet uses for communication Allowed different types of networks to be connected Today is still the underlying communication protocol for the Internet

Brief History of the World Wide Web World Wide Web (WWW) An extra protocol on top of TCP/IP Allowed for hyperlinks, images, nicely-rendered text, etc. Developed around 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee WWW divides computers into servers and clients (e.g. Chrome, Firefox, …) Mosaic (Netscape) graphical browser was released in 1993 Non-graphical web browsers exist!

The First Website (1990) http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

Mosaic web browser (1993) First graphical web browser Fun and easy to use Modern web browsers are essentially refined version of this idea, with more features, newer designs, etc. By Source, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22564429

Beginnings of Some Well Known Websites 1990: Internet Movie Database (IMDb) 1994: Yahoo! 1994: Amazon.com 1995: Craigslist 1995: EBay 1996: Google 1998: PayPal 2001: Wikipedia 2004: Facebook 2005: Reddit 2005: YouTube 2006: Twitter 2007: Tumblr 2010: Instagram