Drug Education Grade 5 health

Tobacco One single puff contains 4000 chemicals 43 of these chemicals are cancerous More than 400,000 people die each year as a result of smoking related illnesses

Chemicals Nicotine: Addictive drug found in tobacco Tar: A thick, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns Carbon Monoxide: a colorless odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns

Chemicals Continued Cigarettes are one of few products which can be sold legally which can harm and even kill you over time if used as intended. Currently there are ongoing lawsuits in the USA which aim to hold tobacco companies responsible for the effects of smoking on the health of long term smokers. Benzene (petrol additive) A colourless cyclic hydrocarbon obtained from coal and petroleum, used as a solvent in fuel and in chemical manufacture - and contained in cigarette smoke. It is a known carcinogen and is associated with leukaemia. Formaldehyde (embalming fluid) A colourless liquid, highly poisonous, used to preserve dead bodies - also found in cigarette smoke. Known to cause cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems. Ammonia (toilet cleaner) Used as a flavouring, frees nicotine from tobacco turning it into a gas, found in dry cleaning fluids. Acetone (nail polish remover) Fragrant volatile liquid ketone, used as a solvent, for example, nail polish remover - found in cigarette smoke. Tar Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once inhaled, smoke condenses and about 70 per cent of the tar in the smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs. Nicotine (insecticide/addictive drug) One of the most addictive substances known to man, a powerful and fast-acting medical and non- medical poison. This is the chemical which causes addiction. Carbon Monoxide (CO) (car exhaust fumes) An odourless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in large amounts - it's the same gas that comes out of car exhausts and is the main gas in cigarette smoke, formed when the cigarette is lit. Others you may recognize are : Arsenic (rat poison), Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison)

Respiratory system Alveoli: Fragile elastic microscopic air sacs in the lungs where carbon dioxide from body cells and fresh oxygen from air are exchanged. Emphysema is a disease that destroys alveoli. Smokers are also between 12 and 22 times more likely to develop lung cancer

Digestive system Increase the risk of cavities and gum disease. Dulls the taste buds and can cause stomach ulcers Also linked to cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas.

Other systems Nervous: Reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain Can lead to stroke Circulatory : Linked to heart disease Excretory: twice the risk of developing bladder cancer

Alcohol Drug created by a chemical reaction in some foods, especially fruits and grains.

Effects of alcohol Impairs judgement Permanent damage to organs Death

Brain Impaied judgement Reasoning Memory Concentration Slows reaction time Decreased coordination Slurred speech Distorted vision Reduced inhibitions Alcohol poisoning Unconsciousness Death

Heart Increases Heart rate Irregular heart beat Heart muscle damage

Liver May cause cirrhosis This is a scarring of the tissue in the liver May cause liver cancer Liver filters out 90% of the alcohol in the body

Kidneys Increased urination will lead to Dehydration Headache and dizziness Kidney failure may result from high blood pressure

Circulatory system Enlarged blood vessels create a false sense of warmth High Blood pressure and stroke

Stomach Vomiting Can lead to choking and death Ulcers Cancer

How it effects you Size and gender Food in stomach How fast you drink Other substances in the body

Statistics Drunk driving accounts for 36 deaths per day In violent interactions between men 20 percent were alcohol related 28 percent of suicides among children ages 9-15 were alcohol related

Statistics cont. Every day, on average, 11,318 American youth (12 to 20 years of age) try alcohol for the first time Children who are drinking alcohol by 7th grade are more likely to report academic problems, substance use, and delinquent behavior in both middle school and high school.  By young adulthood, early alcohol use was associated with employment problems, other substance abuse, and criminal and other violent behavior.

Statistics cont. Young people who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcoholism than those who begin drinking at 21. More than 1,700 college students in the U.S. are killed each year—about 4.65 a day—as a result of alcohol-related injuries

Alcoholism Becomes drunk often Drinks alone Stops participating on other activites so that he or she can drink Acts like a different person when drinking Makes excuses for drinking Promises to quit and does not Refuses to admit how much he drinks or hides drinking Experiences blackouts

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