of what is now referred to as the United States

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Presentation transcript:

of what is now referred to as the United States Native Peoples of what is now referred to as the United States

Terminology Always preferable to refer to a Native person by their tribal affiliation Native American- an indigenous person of the Americas American Indian Native (person/peoples) Indigenous (person/peoples) Aboriginal (person/peoples) Indian (person/peoples)

Terminology Continued Indian Territory/Country Reservation

They’ve all vanished though, right? No. There are more than 550 Federally recognized Native nations throughout the United States, and dozens more which are without federal recognition There are approximately 250 diverse indigenous languages spoken today

California Ramona band, Paiute-Shoshone, Cahuilla band of Mission Indians, La Jolla band of Luiseno Mission Indians, Morongo, Karuk, Hoopa Valley Tribe, Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians, Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, Pit River Tribe, Ohlone

California Ordeals The Spanish Mission system, inaugurated by Father Junipero Serra in 1769, and lasting until 1834 when Mexico won independence. This mission system saw the forced incarceration, religious indoctrination and enslavement of California Indians and effectively decimated the indigenous population 300,000 before contact to less than 16,000 by 1900. UC Berkeley continues to occupy sacred Ohlone land and deny the repatriation of ancestral remains

Language Map

Language Continued Muskogean: Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek-Seminole Algonquian: Blackfoot, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Narragansett Athabaskan: Eyak, Navajo Siouan: Lakota, Dakota

Geographical/Cultural Regions I.e., California, Great Basin, Great Plains, Plateau, Southwest, Southeast California: Ohlone, Chumash, Pomo Great Basin: Paiute, Shoshone Great Plains: Crow, Comanche, Sioux, Chippewa, Omaha, Ponca Southeast: Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Seminole Southwest: Hopi, Dine Northeast: Iroquois, Ho-Chunk

Largest Nations

Internal Diversity Mississippi Choctaws; 10,000 members Farmers; corn, beans, squash, fruit, deer, fish, bear, nuts Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma; forcibly relocated to “Indian Territory” during Trail of Tears in 1830s Jena Band of Choctaws, in Louisiana Resisted removal along with Mississippi Choctaws 241 enrollees Dying reeds, basketmaking

Historical Issues Trail of Tears Trail of Broken Treaties AIM Dawes Roll Sioux Act