GENETICS

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Key POINTS The human body In this section, we will examine a topic that is completely different from what we have seen in the past and this topic is the human body, more specifically chromosomes, hereditary characteristics (The transmission of genotypes from parent to offspring) and genes. After this section, you will study the human reproduction and sexually transmitted infections (STI).

Nucleus of the cell with its chromosomes DNA double helix Chromosome Genes Nucleus of the cell with its chromosomes

Key POINTS Chromosomes All hereditary information of a living being is contained in each cell of the body. But, what is hereditary information? What is a cell? Hereditary information: It is information in the shape of genes that are transmitted from the parents to the offspring (in your case, boy or girl) during reproduction. For example, you may inherit blonde hair from your mom or green eyes from your grand-mother or diabetes from your father, etc. Cells: a living being’s body is made of billions of cells of all types, nerve cells, muscle cells, blood cells, white blood cells, etc. There is also a difference between plant and animal cells. The cell itself is a tiny compartment that is not visible to the naked eye. Besides containing many important organelles (Cell structures), they contain substances called chromosomes.

Cells

Key POINTS Chromosomes More specifically, chromosomes are contained within a cell structure called the nucleus which is the cell’s “brain”.