Do Now: The graph below shows the results of an investigation of the growth of three identical bacteria cultures incubated at different temperatures. Which inference an be made from the graph? (1) Temperature is unrelated to the reproductive rate of bacteria. (2) Bacteria cannot grow at a temperature of 50C. (3) Life activities in bacteria slow down at high temperatures. (4) Refrigeration will most likely slow the growth of these *EXPLAIN Which inference an be made from the graph? (1) Temperature is unrelated to the reproductive rate of bacteria. (2) Bacteria cannot grow at a temperature of 50C. (3) Life activities in bacteria slow down at high temperatures. (4) Refrigeration will most likely slow the growth of these bacteria.

Scientist who discovered the Germ Theory of Disease. AIM: How do scientists utilize the steps of the scientific method to conduct experiments? Who was Louis Pasteur? Louis Pasteur Scientist who discovered the Germ Theory of Disease.

What is the ? 1 Germ 1 Disease Louis Pasteur was a famous French scientist in the late 19th Century. He helped prove that most infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms. This was known as the Germ Theory of Disease. He is particularly renowned for his discovery of a process named after him. This process is called pasteurization and is still used today. Pasteurization is a heating process that kills germs that normally spoil milk and wine. Milk and wine are heated to a specific temperature for a specified period of time. This process kills these germs.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD STEPS: Problem Research Hypothesis: What does this mean? Experiment Observation Results/Data Conclusion

PROBLEM What does the word, problem, mean? Something that needs to be solved! It is usually posed as a question.

RESEARCH What is research? The gathering of information related to your problem. How could we gather this research? INTERNET, LIBRARY, JOURNALS etc…

HYPOTHESIS What does this mean? Definition: A temporary explanation based upon your observations. A tentative answer or educated guess.

Examples of Hypotheses: If this chemical is applied to plant leaves, then the plant will grow faster. Chemical + If this chemical is safe, then it will not harm us when it is added to our drinking water.

EXPERIMENT What is an experiment? Definition: A procedure to test the hypothesis.

OBSERVATION How can we observe our surroundings? Through our 5 senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, and sound

RESULTS What are results (Data)? Written records of observations Types of data?

Remember these?

CONCLUSION What is a conclusion? Explanation of the results (i.e. Why did you get those results?) It will explain the data, & state whether or not it supports or rejects the hypothesis.

# of Days until Spoilage # of Days until Spoilage Pasteur conducted experiments where he compared the shelf-life of wine that wasn’t heated, to wine that was heated. The table below illustrates the results. Unheated Heated Wine # of Days until Spoilage Wine A 4 Wine B 6 Wine C Wine # of Days until Spoilage Wine A 10 Wine B 20 Wine C 12 a) What was the problem? How would the heating of wine affect its shelf life? b) What was observed? c) What did Pasteur research? (Hint: Think of Movie Clip) Heated wine had a greater shelf life than unheated wine. If heating wine would kill the bacteria that cause it to spoil. d) What was the hypothesis? e) Explain his experiment. If heat kills bacteria then heated wine would be free of bacteria and have a greater shelf life. By heating wine & killing the bacteria, he then compared it to wine that was untreated. f) What were his results from the experiment? Heated wine had a greater shelf life than unheated wine. g) What conclusion can be made? Heat kills bacteria.