“Fortunately, somewhere between chance and mystery lies imagination, the only thing that protects our freedom, despite the fact that people keep trying to reduce it or kill it off altogether.” – Luis Buñuel

French Cinema during the Silent Era Louis Feuillade – The Vampires (1915) - Serial Abel Gance – Napoleon Polyvision- three screen interlock – triptych screen Color tinting Restoration Interview – Kevin Brownlow Germaine Dulac – Female experimental directorThe Seashell and The Clergyman (1928)

Surrealism in Cinema Surrealism – An art movement that tried to capture the creative potential of the unconscious mind; the irrational juxtaposition of images Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze

Buñuel and Dali Luis Buñuel Salvador Dali Un Chien andalou (An Andalusian Dog) 1929 Shocking imagery – Intentionally wanted to shock audiences and attack the “avant garde world of cinema” Luis Bunuel discusses Un Chien Andalou Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze

Jean Renoir Considered by many critics to be one of the greatest filmmakers First film – Catherine – A life without joy (1924) Grand Illusion Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze

Italy Enrico Guazzoni Quo Vadis? (1912) – Considered to be the first successful TWO-HOUR feature film Elvira Notari – Female Italian director- heralded Italian Neorealism Neorealism – used non-actors, focused on the poor and working class, and tried to represent the social and economic changes in Italy A Santonette – (1922) Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze Elvira Notari

Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Soviet Union, realized the power of cinema as a propaganda tool Film production was nationalized in Russia in 1917 to promote the Bolshevik cause (Communism) Lev Kuleshov – (circa. 1920s) developed the Kuleshov effect – Phenomenon in which the viewer interprets more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation Sergei Eisenstein – Battleship Potemkin (1925) Shot in ten weeks, but edited in two weeks – uses 1,346 shots The Man with a Movie Camera (1929)– stylized view of a day in the life of Soviet Union citizen – Dziga Vertov Lev Kuleshov Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze Sergei Eisenstein Dziga Vertov

Germany World War I – (1914-1918) begins – spurned by the assassination of Austrian-Hungary empire, archduke Franz Ferdinand Paul Wegener – Horror – Der Golem Paul Leni – Dr. Hart’s Diary (1917) – Anti-War Robert Wiene – The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)- EXPRESSIONISM – dark & moody approach to lighting and camera placement UFA –Universum Film Aktiengesellschaft - German state- subsidized company Fritz Lang & Thea Von Harbou– Metropolis (1925-1927) 40:00 1:24:00 F.W. Murnau – Nosferatu (1922) – 31:00 Robert Weine Fritz Lang Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze F.W. Murnau

Japan The Lumiere Brothers visited Japan and filmed an early Japanese film Momijigari (1899) another early Japanese film At the beginning of the 20th Century, BENSHI – narrators would sit next to the screen and narrate the silent films Film criticism grew in Japan around the 1910s Thus, the Pure Film Movement arose – telling stories cinematically and not relying on the benshi Popular genres in Japan during the silent era The gendai-geki – contemporary dramas about family life Jidai-geki – films that recreated Japan’s feudal era (Samurai films) Teinosuke Kinugasa - A Page of Madness (1926) Souls on the Road (1921) Show Monkeyshines and A Sneeze Kantsubaki (1921)

England Lieutenant Daring series The Protectionist Cinematographic Films Act of 1927 – required British theaters to show a quota of British made films Alfred Hitchcock emerges – The Pleasure Garden – filmed in Germany Hitchcock Show Boxing Cats and Experimental Sound film