19.2 – China Limits European Contacts

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Presentation transcript:

19.2 – China Limits European Contacts

Ming Dynasty Turn China into a dominant power Established vassal states in Korea & SE Asia = tributes 1368: Hongwu drives the Mongols out of China = 1st Ming ruler Restores agriculture & erases Mongol influences Promotes irrigation, fish farming, & growth of commercial crops for trade

Ming (cont.) Hongwu encouraged return to Confucian standards Returns government to merit-based civil exam Becomes a tyrant late in his rule 1398: Yonglo (son) takes power Moves court to Beijing Strived to reach the outside world = 7 voyages to show off China’s power

Voyages of Zheng He Chinese Muslim Admiral Leads all of Yonglo’s expeditions Range from SE Asia to E Africa Massive fleets w/ treasure ships Distributes gifts to peoples = Chinese power Gains vast amounts of tribute for China

Foreign Relations China practiced isolation Foreign trade only by government Trade remains profitable = smugglers China doesn’t industrialize 1) Offends Confucian beliefs 2) Favor agriculture Christian missionaries bring European culture

Qing Dynasty 1644: Manchus invade China = Qing Dynasty Qing not Chinese = rebellions Keep Confucian beliefs & social structure Restore prosperity & defend/expand borders Kangxi – lowers taxes & welcomes Jesuits = advancements Qian-Long – Rules China at its greatest size & power

Isolation China = Cultural Center of the Universe Foreigners could only trade at special ports & paid tribute Accepted the Dutch as trade partners Traded with Britain, but faced problems over tribute/respect 1800s: Europeans chip away until restrictions fall

Manchu Korea 1636: Manchus conquer Korea = vassal state Government organized by Confucian principles Adopt Chinese tech, culture, and isolation Nationalist ideals develop from Manchu invasion & Japanese attacks Want for sovereignty

Life in China 1600-1700s: Peace & prosperity Irrigation & fertilizer increases Grow more & new crops brought by Europe = population explosion Corn, potatoes, etc. Females not valued in China, males favored Often infants are killed Ming & Qing culture follow old traditions