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MEMBRANE LIPIDS I and II:

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Presentation transcript:

Biochemistry Free For All Lipids & Membranes Biochemistry Free For All

The effects in a mouse on the inability to make leptin (left) compared to a normal mouse

Saturated - no double bonds Fatty Acids Saturated - no double bonds Cis double bond Unsaturated - at least one double bond

Saturated Fatty Acids

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty Acids - Space Filling Models

Fatty Acid Numbering Δ and ω Systems

Fatty Acids Glycerol Backbone Ester Bonds Fat or Oil Structure

Hormonally controlled Triacylglycerol Lipase Diacylglycerol Signaling Molecule Triacylglycerol Lipase Monoacylglycerol Lipase Pancreatic Lipase

(Phosphatidyl Compounds) Non-Polar End 1 2 Attachment point for phosphatidyl compounds 3 Polar End Phosphatides (Phosphatidyl Compounds)

Phosphate of Phosphatides Molecules Attached to Phosphate of Phosphatides

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylinositol- B Phospholipase C Cuts C Phosphatidylinositol- 4,5 Phosphate (PIP2) A B C Cytoplasm Membrane bound

inner mitochondrial membrane Cardiolipin Almost exclusive to inner mitochondrial membrane Phosphatide Phosphatide Glycerol

Cardiolipin plays a role in apoptosis - programmed cell death

Plasmalogens ROS Protection Heart Brain Myelin Sheath

Non-polar End Polar End Sphingolipids

Non-polar Tails Sphingomyelin Polar End

Precursor of Prostanoids & Thromboxanes Eicosanoids Cyclization by Cyclooxygenase Arachidonic Acid Precursor of Prostanoids & Thromboxanes

Prostaglandin F2α (PF2α) Thromboxane A2 Blood Clotting Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) Precursor of Others Leukotriene A4 Blood Clotting Prostaglandin F2α (PF2α) Uterine Contractions

Tetrahydrocannabinol Anandamide (Endocannabinoid) Tetrahydrocannabinol (Phytocannabinoid)

General Steroid Structure Cholesterol Phytotosterol General Steroid Structure

Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid) Testosterone (Androgen) Progesterone (Progestagen) Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) Estradiol (Estrogen)

Vitamin A Vitamin A All-trans Retinol All-trans Retinal Vitamin A Involved in vision Vitamin A 11-cis Retinal β-carotene

Cholecalciferol Vitamin D Calcitriol Active Vitamin D α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Vitamin K

Lipid Movement Across Lipid Bilayer Lateral (within one bilayer) Transverse (from one side to the other)

Lateral Movements Lateral Movements

Transverse Movements Transverse Movements

Cholesterol in the Lipid Bilayer

Cholesterol widens range but doesn’t change midpoint (Tm)

Longer/more saturated fatty acids increase Tm Shorter /more unsaturated fatty acids decrease Tm