How’s assignment 1 coming? Winter 2007 IBC233 How’s assignment 1 coming? Winter 2007

Agenda Test 2, Feb 19 Assignment 1? Due Feb. 23 Telephone number editing Order Date Some more CL Programming %SST, *CAT and basic math Database Files Physical files Logical files

%SST - Substring %SST(&FIELDA offset length) CHGVAR &FIELDA VALUE(‘Cindy Laurin-Moogk’) CHGVAR &FNAME VALUE(%SST(FIELDA 1 5)) CHGVAR &LNAME VALUE(%SST(FIELDA 7 6)) CHGVAR &NEWNAME VALUE(&FNAME *BCAT &LNAME)

Concatenate *CAT – Puts two character strings together as is the receiving string variable has to be declared with the combined length else truncation will occur. *BCAT – Puts two character strings together by deleting the trailing spaces in the first field, inserting a blank space and then adding the second field *TCAT – Puts two character strings together by deleting the trailing spaces in the first field.

Concatenate Examples DCL FLDA *CHAR 10 VALUE(‘CINDY’) DCL FLDB *CHAR 30 VALUE(‘LAURIN) DCL FLDC *CHAR 50 VALUE(‘ ‘) CHGVAR FLDC VALUE(FLDA *CAT FLDB) CHGVAR FLDC VALUE(FLDA *TCAT FLDB) CHGVAR FLDC VALUE (FLDA *BCAT FLDB)

CHGVAR - Math DCL &TOTAL *DEC LEN(7 2) DCL &FLDA *DEC LEN(5 0) VALUE(10) DCL &FLDB *DEC LEN(5 0) VALUE(2) DCL &FLDC *DEC LEN(5 0) VALUE(60) CHGVAR &TOTAL (&FLDA * &FLDA / + (&FLDA - &FLDB) + &FLDC) What is the value of &total?

SUBSTRING program

Database Files

iSeries Database Files Physical Files *FILE PF-DTA Logical Files *FILE LF Physical files contain actual data. Logical files show a view of a physical file (I.e. different key field and selection criteria). A logical file does not contain data. Printer files determine how a spool file will be displayed (I.e. fonts, characters per inch etc.) Display files determine how screens such as menus, information and data entry screens well look.

Physical Files It is an iSeries file used to store data or source code. Physical files have members. The members contain data or source code. Source physical files have many members eg. One for each program Data physical files usually have 1 member (but can have more)

Data Files Files, Records, Fields A file member contains one or more records A record is made up of one or more fields which give it its record format or file description Each field contains a unique piece of information e.g. student no, first name, last name, address, telephone no, etc. Looks like a spreadsheet with rows and columns (rows = records, columns = fields)

Examples of Files, Records, Fields A customer file is made up of customer records (1 per customer). Each customer record has fields containing unique pieces of info about a particular customer e.g. customer name, address, sales territory,billing info, shipping instructions, credit information Student file - student records (1 per student)- student info: name, address...

More Examples of Files, Records, Fields Parts file - parts records - info about part: part number, description, warehouse location, supplier, quantity on hand, Payroll file - payroll records - payroll info for employees: employee number, name, date of hire, hourly or salary, hourly rate or annual salary, income tax info….

How do we create data physical files?

Creating Physical Data Files Creating an iSeries data file is very similar to creating a program: Write the source code (the source code will describe what the file will look like). The source code is stored in a member in a source file. Compile the source code (this creates a *file object).

Tools for Describing Database Files Data Description Specifications (DDS) iSeries language to create source code for Files Others: SQL (Structured Query Language) – next week DDS is the most popular. Can use utilities SDA (screen design aid) to create DDS screen files and RLU (report layout utility) to create DDS report files.

Using DDS Source code is entered into a source physical file member in the form of DDS statements. This is done using the iSeries editor LPEX The DDS statements describe each field of the record in detail e.g. field name, data type (numeric, character, packed numeric, etc), standard column headings, etc. The source file for DDS is QDDSSRC. Can edit all kinds of DDS files including screen and printer DDS files.

Layout of a Data Definition Specification member (DDS) File level keywords Eg. UNIQUE Record format name Shouldn’t be the same name as the PF List the fields Name, type, size and functions TEXT (used by DFU and DSPFFD) COLHDG (used by Query/400) Access Path information

Example of DDS Columns . . . : 1 71 Browse DMENKEN/QDDSSRC SEU==> STUPF FMT PF .....A..........T.Name++++++RLen++TDpB......Functions++++++++++++++++++ *************** Beginning of data ************************************* 0001.00 UNIQUE 0002.00 A R STUPFR 0003.00 A SOCINS 9S 0 COLHDG('Social' 'Insurance' 0004.00 A FNAME 15A COLHDG('First' 'Name') 0005.00 A LNAME 20A COLHDG('Last' 'Name') 0006.00 PHONE 10P COLHDG('Phone' 'No.') 0007.00 A ADDR1 25A COLHDG('Street' 'Address') 0008.00 A ADDR2 25A COLHDG('City') 0009.00 A POSTAL 6A COLHDG(‘Postal Code') DTEHIRE L COLHDG(‘Date’ ‘Hired’) K SOCINS ****************** End of data ****************************************

Creating a Physical File Create the source file (CRTSRCPF) which is named QDDSSRC (only done once) Create a source member, type PF Enter the source code using SEU Save source code and compile to create the file Put code into the file.

The source type: tells OS/400 what type of source you are creating e.g. TXT, PF, LF, etc. Used by the editor for prompting and syntax checking will tell OS/400 which compiler to use when creating the object.

Entering DDS code First statement is the Record Format statement. Put an R in the Name Type field and the record name in the Name field. Then enter the field info (field name, length, data type, decimal positions, standard column heading) (nothing in Name Type field)

Demo

Compiling the Source members Code into an usable object CRTPF Takes the source code and creates the object i.e. the physical file the physical file is what holds the data

Unique feature of iSeries Files The record description is stored with the file object (externally described file) It can then be used by iSeries utilities The record description does not have to be coded in programs that use it. Can be viewed using DSPFD, DSPFFD

Entering data If the compile was successful, you will have a new object in your library, a physical file. To enter data into that file, use DFU, Data File Utility

DFU STRDFU, then option 5 or… PDM option 18 F10 to enter new records (entry mode) F11 to change records (change mode), page up and down to find records F23 to delete a record (F23 again to confirm)

Viewing records RUNQRY QRYFILE(filename) DSPPFM filename

Allows us to sort or select/omit data Access Paths Allows us to sort or select/omit data

Logical Files

Logical Files Resort data in a physical file Select/Omit specific sets of data Hide data Join or Merge physical files together

Why a logical file A customer file is made up of customer records (1 per customer). Each customer record has fields containing unique pieces of info about a particular customer e.g. customer name, address, sales territory,billing info, shipping instructions, credit information If we want to make sure that the customer id is unique If we want to display customer records sorted by name If we want to select customers in a specific territory If we want to provide a maintenance screen hiding Credit Information

Creating a Logical File Create the source file (CRTSRCPF) which is named QDDSSRC (only done once) Create a source member, type LF Enter the source code using SEU Save source code and compile to create the file Put data into the file.

Create a logical file that sorts STUDENTS by LNAME, FNAME

Next Week Programming with Database files