Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The loaded configuration of a track when one wheel passes. Due to the rail bending and rotation under wheel load, and the rail inclination, the pressure distribution within a rail pad is nonuniform, and changes as the wheel moves. (a) In the longitudinal-vertical plane, (b) in the lateral-vertical plane.

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The 3D transient FE model of the vehicle-track interaction employed in this work. (a) A schematic diagram, (b) the mesh, and (c) Mesh details in the contact surfaces.

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: Schematic diagrams of different fastening models (overlook the rail pad) employed in this work. Every rhombus symbol represents a spring-damper group. (a) F_12: 12 spring-damper groups, (b) F_4: 4 spring-damper groups, (c) F_2_in and F_2_ou: 2 spring-damper groups, and (d) F_6: 6 spring-damper groups.

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: Two SRSD models simulated in this work. (a) Defect 1 and (b) Defect 2.

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defect 1 as the fastening models of F_12 and F_4 are applied. (a) The dynamic forces and (b) the amplitude spectra (by FFT).

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defect 1 as the fastening models of F_4 and F_2_in are applied

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defect 1 as the fastening models of F_2_in and F_2_ou are applied. (a) The dynamic forces and (b) the amplitude spectra (by FFT).

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: Variation of the vertical acceleration at the rail seat area of sleeper 1

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defect 1 as the fastening models of F_6 and F_2_ou are applied

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defects 1 and 2 with the fastening model of F_12. (a) The dynamic forces, and (b) the amplitude spectra (by FFT).

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces at Defects 1 and 2 with the fastening model of F_2_ou. (a) The dynamic forces, and (b) the amplitude spectra (by FFT).

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces excited by Defect 2 under different rolling speeds when the fastening model of F_12 is employed

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The amplitude spectra (by FFT) of the dynamic forces excited by Defect 2. The fastening model of F_12 is employed and the rolling speed varies.

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: The dynamic forces excited by Defect 2 under different speeds when the fastening model of F_2_ou is employed

Date of download: 10/14/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Influence of the Fastening Modeling on the Vehicle-Track Interaction at Singular Rail Surface Defects J. Comput. Nonlinear Dynam. 2014;9(3):031002-031002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4025895 Figure Legend: Influence of rolling speed on maximum dynamic force at Defect 2. Fastening models of F_12 and F_2_ou are considered.