Theme: the Subject and ethics problems

THE PLAN: 1. Ethics definition. 2. A parity of concepts "ethics", "morals", "morals". 3. Structure and morals functions.

It is considered, that the term "ethics" was entered by Aristotle for a designation of special virtues of reason. He creates also the theory about ethical virtues - ethics. Ethics (gres. etnika, from etnos) - a habit, customs - the philosophical science which object of studying are the morals. Ethics, having arisen in philosophy, nevertheless were not allocated in a special science of type of sociology, psychology. Why?

Because, questions of good and harm, a debt, happiness, meaning of the life, practical behavior are organically connected with outlook of the person, with sphere of freedom of its will, they are not defined rigidly by the nature external or internal. In a moral choice the estimation spent from certain world outlooks is important!

2 sorts of problems of ethics Norms, principles, values Essence of morals, about its origin, development laws etc. Standard ethics It can be transferred both in scientific, and in parables, proverbs, fairy tales, bylines, myths etc. Specific moral knowledge for which perception are important both mind activity, and feelings, intuitions Theoretical ethics

The word "morals" means in the modern language about the same, as morals. Therefore the majority of experts do not spend strict differentiation between morals and morals and considers these words as synonyms. It is necessary to tell, as the word "ethics" originally meant the same, as "morals", and "morals".

Ethics find out morals place in system of public relations, analyze its nature and internal structure, study an origin and morals historical development, theoretically prove its this or that system. As the philosophical science ethics arises at that stage of development of a human society when there is a distance spiritually- practical activities and is material-practical. In the beginning it meant vital wisdom, practical knowledge how it is necessary itself to a message. The most ancient ethical standard of behavior of the person is "the gold rule" morals.

Its most widespread formulation says: "do not arrive in relation to another how you would not like, that they arrived in relation to you." The gold rule "already meets in early written monuments of many cultures (In doctrine Confuse, in Old Indian Mahabharata , in the Bible, in“ Odysseus“ of the Homer, etc.) and strongly enters into consciousness of the subsequent epoch.

In special discipline ethics have been allocated by Aristotle who has entered also the term into the name of the works: “Nikomaxovs ethics", "the Big ethics", “Evtidemos ethics". It has divided all sciences into three big groups or categories: theoretical (speculative), practical and creative (creative). To the first Aristotle has carried philosophy, mathematics and physics, to the second - ethics and a policy, and to the third - arts, crafts and applied sciences.

Ethics as a practical science represent the doctrine about morals, about inculcation to the person of the is active-strong-willed, sincere qualities necessary for it first of all in a public life, and then and in the personal. It learns (and accustoms) to practical rules of behavior and a way of life of the separate individual. Moral qualities of the person are what characterize it from the point of view of ability to live in a society. They are formed in practical dialogue and joint activity of people.

Aristotle carried courage, moderation, generosity, magnificence, a stateliness, ambition, truthfulness, friendliness, courtesy, and also justice and friendship to such qualities. Developing in itself these qualities, the person becomes moral. And in this sense everything is moral, that serves society and state strengthening.

Ethics not only formulate the purposes of moral regulation, but also define ways of achievement of the purposes. It finds out as, by what ways will be coordinated personal and public interests, on what the morals lean, that in general induce the person to be moral. First of all it is necessary to notice, that morals, regulating human relations, leans not against force of the government and on force of consciousness, on belief.

The morals keep on three major bases Consciousness Each separate person Traditions customs, customs Force of public opinion

MORALS Consists NORMS VALUES The norm is a requirement of the same behavior in a repeating situation, the standard, the sample for imitation in the form of an example, public opinion, customs, precepts, customs. Values it is socially significant qualities of social relations and members of a society: justice, mercy etc.

Moral standards are. Individual private instructions, for example, "do not lie", "respect seniors", "help the friend", "be polite" etc. Moral values and norms are expressed in moral principles. Them concern, humanism, a collectivism, diligent execution of a public debt, diligence, patriotism, etc.

The principle of humanism (humanity) demands from the person to follow norms of goodwill and respect for any person, readiness to come to it to the aid to protect its advantage and the rights. The collectivism demands from the person of ability to correlate the interests and requirements to the general interests, to respect companions, to build relations with them on the basis of friendliness and mutual aid.

The diligence principle is concretized in a recognition of moral value of work as spheres of self-realization of the person, respect of any socially significant kind of work, fair and the conscientious worker, and also assumes the careful relation to means of labor and working hours, ability and desire to share the knowledge and abilities with others. The patriotism principle expresses respect and love to the native land, pride of people achievements, its contribution to world culture.

MORALS FUNCTIONS The educational The regulative The informative

Ethics are a philosophical doctrine which unites the most various systems of sights saved up by mankind about rules of mutual relations in a society. Morals - set of the norms regulating mutual relations between members of a society. Morals - set of principles, belief by which the individual is guided: or agrees with norms of morals, or contradicts them clashes.