Basic 1964 PC general purpose Imperative Small Easy to use

C 1972 PC programs structured programming lexical variable scope recursion 1972

Scheme PC tail-call optimization first-class continuations 1975

multi-paradigm programming language Python PC programming multi-paradigm programming language object-oriented dynamic typing memory management 1991

Java memory management Portable Multithreaded 1995

Ruby 1990s Web dev duck typing Lexical closures Garbage collection Exception handling 1990s

C# Portability imperative declarative 2000

Introduction into programming Scratch Introduction into programming Block based Drag and drop 2000

server-side scripting PHP server-side scripting Web modification Database management 1994

JavaScript Web dev Dynamic interpreted programming language First-class functions Run-time environment

Client server web applications Visual Basic .NET Client server web applications Portability Security Memory management 2002

Pascal 1968 PC programming imperative and procedural p small and efficient rogramming 1968

COBOL business use object-oriented 1959

large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs Perl Mainframe computers large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs

ALGOL 68 1968 Theory programming scientific computations lexical and syntactic structures 1968

Prolog 1972 artificial intelligence declarative based on logical programming with Horn clauses fully integrated fact databases supports direct linkage with C/C++ 1972

general-purpose purely functional programming language, Haskell general-purpose purely functional programming language, Type inference Concurrent Packages 1990

C++ 1983 PC programming huge Function Library Flexible language with Versatility Machine Independent Language 1983

Assembly Low level computer interfacing shows binary as mnemonics 1949