Algal blooms
WATER POLLUTION TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC. WATER BORNE DISEASES EUTROPHICATION SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION SOLUTIONS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNDjL_q7kHU
In the early 1960s, the Soviet government decided the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya in the south and the Syr Darya in the east, would be diverted to irrigate the desert, in an attempt to grow rice, melons, cereals, and cotton
https://upload. wikimedia https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Aral_Sea_1989-2008.jpg/706px-Aral_Sea_1989-2008.jpg \
Figure 12.3 Lake Chad 1973-2001 Figure 12.3 The area of Lake Chad (the blue area in both images) has been reduced by more than 90% as a result of lower rainfall, diminished fl ows in the Chari River, and overutilization of lake water. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 12.5 Water Budget 271 km3/day About 1/4 of total global precipitation falls on land ATMOSPHERE Contains 12,600 km3 of water Precipitation Evaporation 170 km3/day Most of the rain that falls on land evaporates back to the atmosphere from land surfaces and plant leaves (evapotranspiration). 989 km3/day LAND Streams, lakes, and groundwater contain 4,124,200 km3 of water Most water flux occurs between the oceans and the atmosphere 888 km3/day 101 km3/day Label Edit Figure 12.5 Only a minuscule fraction of Earth's water is in the atmosphere at any moment. Evaporation and precipitation move water through the atmosphere and bring fresh water to the land. Precipitation Runoff and groundwater OCEANS Contain 1,230,000,000 km3 of water © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disease organisms Typhoid-bacteria Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba Schistosomiasis - worm Polio-virus Cholera-bacteria
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/collections/curation-groups/scan/schistosomiasis/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIwVRhvk2oM
WATER POLLUTION POLLUTANTS DISEASE ORGANISMS SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE EUTROPHICATION
BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND • EXPRESSED IN mgO2 per liter of H2O • Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical • Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295mgO2/l-influent • Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeKnLGl3RBk
SEWAGE ACTIVATED SLUDGE TRICKLING FILTER
Secondary treatments 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE 2. TRICKLING FILTER
Sewage organisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJ6hf14MBYU
BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND EXPRESSED IN mgO2 per liter of H2O Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295mgO2/l-influent Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent
SEWAGE TREATMENT PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS SECONDARY TREATMENT a. activated sludge b. trickling filter c. oxidation ponds Septic tanks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx6aj3U5Hp0
plume A concentrated mass of pollution
eutrophication http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGqZsSuG7ao
eutrophication Oligotrophic-few nutrients Mesotrophic-moderate amount of nutrients Eutrophic-many nutrients
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&NR=1&v=XUCTif22IwQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arPqPoFOQUM
Activated carbon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuZtxLI-wf4
Runoff from land
BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. DDT concentration: increase of 10 million times DDT in fish-eating birds 25 ppm DDT in large fish 2 ppm Biomagnification When DDT is sprayed on agricultural fields and marshes, it eventually flows into streams, lakes, and oceans. Because DDT is stored in animal tissues and not metabolized, it becomes increasingly concentrated in the tissues of animals at higher trophic levels. DDT in small fish 0.5 ppm DDT in zooplankton 0.04 ppm DDT in water 0.000003 ppm © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 63
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. DDT in large fish 2 ppm DDT in small fish 0.5 ppm Biomagnification When DDT is sprayed on agricultural fields and marshes, it eventually flows into streams, lakes, and oceans. Because DDT is stored in animal tissues and not metabolized, it becomes increasingly concentrated in the tissues of animals at higher trophic levels. DDT in zooplankton 0.04 ppm DDT in water 0.000003 ppm © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.